Valki (city)

The city is located in the west of the Kharkov region, on the banks of the Mzha river ^[1] , on the river is a large dam. The villages adjacent to the city are Kostev and Gontov Yar .

In the first half of the XII century, during the Mongol-Tatar invasion, this territory was devastated and turned into the so-called " wild field ". It was here, between forests and swamps, that the Muravsky Way passed — the path from Crimea to the Russian state , along which the Crimean and Nogai Tatars raided for prey and slaves . To protect against them at the beginning of the XVII century. among the " wild field " began the creation of a line of fortified points , which included Tsar-Borisov ( 1600 ), Chuguev ( 1638 ), Valki ( 1646 ).

1646-1917

In 1646, on the territory of the present Valkovsky district , the Perekopsky rampart (a deep moat with a high rampart) that crossed the Muravsky Way between the headwaters of the Mzha and Kolomak rivers was restored (to be built from the time of the Tatars).

On May 21, 1646, under the leadership of the Belgorod governor Khilkov, the construction of the prison began at the intersection of the rampart and the road, the fortress built by the name of the river Mzha was called the Mozhaisk prison , and the settlement was called the Mozhaisk city on Valki or simply Valki (from the word "roller", a small rampart).

In 1665, the city ​​of Valki was moved to the banks of the Mzha river, where it stands today.

In April 1780, Valki received the status of a county city ​​of the Russian Empire ^{[2] [5]} .

In 1785, the population was9295 people ^[6] .

In 1890, the city's population was 6 thousand people, there were 3-class urban male and female schools, two hospitals with 32 beds, an almshouse and 5 churches ^[5] .

In the spring of 1902, peasant uprisings took place in Valkovsky Uyezd (especially strong in the villages of Snezhkov , Blagodatnoye and Sidorenkovo ), the peasants defeated more than 25 landlord economies, but later on the demonstrations were crushed by government troops.

After the February Revolution of 1917, the power of the Central Council was established in Valki and the county.

1917-1991

During the civil war, power changed several times. In November 1917, Soviet power was proclaimed in Valki, but on April 7, 1918, the village was occupied by German troops , in February 1919 the village was occupied by the Red Army, and later occupied by units of the All-Russian Union of Liberal Democratic Forces.

December 17, 1919 Soviet power was restored.

In April 1921 , an anti-Soviet uprising began in Valki, led by former UPR army officers Juvago, Makarenko and Sorokin. On April 30 - May 1, 1921, the city of Valka was attacked by rebel groups that managed to capture the southern outskirts, but suffered losses and retreated, after which they were defeated by the arriving forces of the Red Army under the leadership of R. Eideman near the village of Kovyagi . The scattered troops continued the struggle until 1922.

Since December 1922, as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics .

In 1923, Valki became the district center of the Valkovsky district , which until July 1930 was part of the Kharkov district .

November 2, 1930 began the publication of a local newspaper ^[7] .

On October 19, 1938, the urban-type village of Valki herds was a city of regional subordination.

During the Great Patriotic War on October 19, 1941, Valki was occupied by the advancing German troops ^[8] .

February 25, 1943 was liberated from the Nazi German troops by the Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front during the Kharkov offensive operation of 1943 ^[8] :

• 3rd Panzer Army in the composition: 12th tank (Major General Zinkovich, Mitrofan Ivanovich ) in the composition: 30th brigade (lieutenant colonel Kurist, Ludwig Ivanovich ), 13th brigade (lieutenant colonel Mikhailov, Nikolai Lavrentievich ).
• 69th Army consisting of: 25th Guards. SD (Major General Shafarenko, Pavel Mendelevich ), part of the forces of the 305th SD (Colonel Danilovich, Ivan Antonovich ).

March 7, 1943 the city was again taken by German troops ^[8] .

On August 24, 1943, the Supreme Command Headquarters set the Steppe Front the task of “defeating the Valkov group of the enemy” ^[9] . On September 16, 1943, the city ​​was liberated by the Soviet troops of the Steppe Front during an attack on the Poltava - Kremenchug direction during the Battle of the Dnieper ^[8] :

• The 242nd and 280th rifle divisions of the 4th Guards Army .
• 53rd Army , consisting of: 107th SD (Major General Bezhko, Pyotr Maksimovich ) 48th SK (Major General Rogozny, Zinovy ​​Zakharovich ), 299th SD (Major General Travnikov, Nikolai Grigoryevich ) ^[10] .

After the war, the city was rebuilt, in 1951 there was a convoy plant, a car repair factory, enterprises for the production of building materials, several enterprises of light and food industries of local importance, a veterinary college, an experimental field of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Vegetable Production, schools and cultural and educational institutions ^[11] .

In 1968, the population was 7.2 thousand people, the basis of the economy was a sewing factory, furniture factory and the production of building materials ^[2]

In January 1989, the population was 11,209 people ^[12] , the basis of the economy was a clothing factory, furniture factory and the production of building materials ^[2] .

After 1991

In May 1995, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved a decision on the privatization of agricultural machinery and agricultural chemistry ^[14] located in the city of ATP- 16341 ^{[13 ]}

As of January 1, 2013, the population was 9,410 people ^[15] .

In general, the region’s climate is temperate continental with cool winters and warm (sometimes sultry) summers. The average annual air temperature is 7.5 ° C, the lowest in January (minus 7.0 ° C), the highest in July (20.4 ° C). In the last 100-120 years, the air temperature in the region, as well as on the whole Earth, has a tendency to increase. During this period, the average annual air temperature increased by approximately 1.5 ° C. The warmest over the entire observation period was 2010. The highest temperature increase occurred in the first half of the year.

On average, 525 mm of atmospheric precipitation falls annually, the least in February-March, the most in July. The minimum annual rainfall (279 mm) was observed in 1921, the maximum (898 mm) in 1879. On average, 132 days of rainfall are observed in the region per year; least of them (7) in August, most (16) - in December. Snow forms every winter in Valki, the maximum height of which is usually observed in February. Relative humidity is on average 74%, the lowest in May (60%), the highest in December (87%).

The most repeatable are the winds from the east, the least - from the south. The highest wind speed - in February, the lowest - in July. In February, it averages 4.9 m / s, in July - 3.2 m / s.

The smallest cloudiness is observed in August, the largest - in December.

The average number of days with thunderstorms per year is 30 (June, July), with fog - 59, snow - 79, sleet - 16 (December, January).

• January average temperature - - 7.0 ° C
• The average July temperature is +20.4 ° C
• The average annual temperature is +7.5 ° C
• The average annual wind speed is 4.0 m / s
• The average annual humidity is 74%
• The average annual rainfall is 525 mm

The M-03 motor roads (the Kiev-Kharkov highway) ^{[1] [11]} and T-1901 pass through Valki.

12 km south of the city is the nearest railway station Kovyagi ^[11] Southern Railway ^[1] .

In the fantasy novel “ Boundary ”, co-written by Marina and Sergey Dyachenko , A. Valentinov and G. Oldie , one of the heroes, Stanislav Matsapura-Kolozhansky, lives in an estate on the territory of Valkovskaya hundreds. Moreover, the action of the entire “Ukrainian” part of the novel takes place on the territory of the same hundred, and the commander of the hundreds Login and his daughter Yarina are one of the main characters.

• Butenko, Elena Ivanovna - Russian theater and film actress, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation.
• Kolyada, Vasily Alekseevich (1920-1953) - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Kolyada, Nikifor Zakharovich (1891-1954) - one of the organizers of the red partisan movement during the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War.
• Panchenko, Pyotr Iosifovich (1891-1978) - the outstanding Ukrainian novelist Petro Punch .
• Serova, Valentina Vasilievna - Soviet theater and film actress.

• Sіvachenko Є. Dreams of the gnivu of the people: from the history of the villagers' insurgent rue in Kharkiv region (1920) // Zbirnik of the Kharkiv historical and philological community. - T. 5. - Kharkiv: Eye, 1995. - S. 17 - 28.
• Slyusarsky A. G. Slobidska Ukraine: Іstor. Naris XVII — XVIII centuries - H., 1954. - S. 19.
• Gavrilenko A.D. Valkіvchani at guesses, documents that more / Anatole Gavrilenko. - Kharkiv: Cursor, 2008 .-- 406 p.
• Lisenko I. Valkivsky encyclopedia. At 2 t. T. 1. - X .; TO.; New York, 2000.
• Lisenko I. Valkivsky encyclopedia. At 2 t. T. 2. - K .: Rada, 2006.
• Yanko M. T. Toponimny Vocabulary of Ukraine: Vocabulary-dictionary. - K., 1998.

• Website of Valkov State Administration
• Valki Forum
• Website of Valki