Pseudo-raincoat or scleroderma ( Latin Sclerodermatáceae ) is a family of fungi of the Basidiomycota department, represented by several genera of fungi, which are characterized by a spherical fruit body with basidia unevenly located inside, and a gley that turns brownish to powdery after maturation of the fungus. All fungi of this family are inedible or slightly poisonous.
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Recent phylogenetic studies have made it possible to reliably classify the Sclerodermataceae family of fungi. [one]
Content
Title
The name Sclerodermataceae Corda was given in 1842. [2]
The name of the family Sclerodermataceae comes from the Greek. σκληρός ( scleros ), hard, hard, and buckwheat. δέρμα ( derma ), skin.
Morphology
The fruiting bodies of mature fungi are terrestrial or semi-underground, occasionally underground, spherical, sessile or with a false leg.
The peridium is single-layered, less often two-layered, thick or thin, in mature mushrooms it is dense or brittle, sometimes gelatinous, when the fruit body ripens, it bursts at the apex or opens with lobes.
The fungus in young mushrooms is dense, sometimes stiff, and is clearly divided into parts by sterile sections-trams, which in mature mushrooms gradually break down; in young mushrooms it is white or brownish, in mature mushrooms it is brown and finally powdery. Capillicium is absent or rudimentary.
Spores are large, rounded, brown, thick-walled, non-amyloid , non-cyanophilic , smooth or with spikes and / or mesh patterns. Club -shaped basidia to pear-shaped, with 2-8 sterigmas .
Ecology
Rainbows are widespread in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of the globe. They grow on soil or rotting wood, on sand, representatives of the genera Pisolithus , Calostoma and Scleroderma usually form mycorrhiza with plants.
Classification
There are only 10 genera in the family:
- Red-breasted ( Calostoma )
- Raincoat ( Scleroderma )
- Myriostoma ( Myriostoma )
- Pisolithus ( Pisolithus )
- Tremellogaster ( Tremellogaster )
- Chlorogaster [3]
- Horakiella
- Diplocystis [4]
The monotypic Australian genus Favillea ( Favillea ), also included in the family of pseudo-raincoat , was proposed in 1849 by the Swedish mycologist Fris on the basis of some, now lost material. [5] The only preserved specimen labeled Favillea ( Favillea argillacea Fr. 1849 ) was later identified as Scleroderma umbrinum Cooke & Massee . [6]
Gallery
Common raincoat
Stellate raincoat
Reddish cinnabar red
Cervical myriostoma
Pyzolithus dyeing
Notes
- ↑ Binder M, Hibbett DS, Larsson KH, Larsson E, Langer E, Langer G. (2005). The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes). Systematics and Biodiversity 3 (2): 113-157
- ↑ Corda, ACJ Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum . - Pragae, 1842. - T. 5. - S. 1-92.
- ↑ Laessoe T, Jalink LM. (2004). Chlorogaster dipterocarpi - A new peristomate gasteroid taxon of the Sclerodermataceae. Persoonia 18 (3): 421-428.
- ↑ Louzan R, Wilson AW, Binder M, Hibbett DS. (2007). Phylogenetic placement of Diplocystis wrightii in the Sclerodermatineae (Boletales) based on nuclear ribosomal large subunit DNA sequences. Mycoscience 48: 66-69.
- ↑ Fries, E. Fungi Natalenses // Kongliga svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlinger. - Stockholm: PA Norstedt & Söner, 1849 .-- S. 121-154 .
- ↑ Lloyd, CG Bulletin of the Lloyd Library of Botany, Pharmacy and Materia Medica. - Cincinnati, Ohio: Lloyd Library of Botany, Pharmacy and Materia Medica, 1905. - T. 8. - S. 13-14. - 41 p. - (Mycological series No. 3).
Literature
- DN Pegler et al. British puffballs, earthstars and stinkhorns. - Kew Publishing, 1995 .-- 265 p. ( text )
- William Chambers Coker, John Couch. The Gasteromycetes of the Eastern United States and Canada - Dover Publications, 1974 .-- 446 p. (p. 160)