Subway construction

The main regulatory document for the construction of subways in Russia is SNiP 32-02-2003 "Metro".

Content

1 Stages of construction
- 1.1 Engineering Surveys
- 1.2 Design
- 1.3 Construction
  - 1.3.1 Underground Lines
- 1.4 Commissioning
2 References

Construction Stages

During the construction of subways, four stages can be conditionally distinguished:

Engineering survey;
Design;
Construction;
Commissioning.

Engineering Survey

At this stage, the collection of information necessary for the further development of a feasibility study, project and construction documentation for the construction takes place. Surveys for the construction of subways should include:

geological engineering;
geodetic engineering;
environmental engineering;
other types of surveys as necessary.

Design

At this stage of construction, on the basis of the design assignment, regulatory documents and engineering surveys, the subway structures are linked in plan and depth, the types of element structures and methods of underground construction are selected, design estimates are compiled. If the tunnel route runs near existing facilities, if necessary, methods are being developed for the engineering protection of these structures from noise, vibration and stray currents arising from the construction and operation of subway lines.

Construction

Underground lines

The methods for building underground tunnels and metro stations are generally similar to the methods for building other underground structures. Distinguish between the "closed method" of construction, without opening the day surface, and the "open method" in which tunnels and stations are built, respectively, in trenches and pits, and then covered with soil.

Kharkiv. Open-pit construction of the Alekseevskaya line in the Alekseevskaya beam between the existing stanza “August 23” and the station “Alekseevskaya” under construction. View from Alekseevka towards Pavlov Field . The tunnels are not connected. To the right is a ragged pedestrian bridge over a beam.

The closed method is used in the construction of deep-laying lines, when hydrogeological conditions require it, or it is necessary to preserve valuable buildings in cities, as well as when the use of the open method is associated with economic losses (for example, as a result of blocking traffic, transferring communications, etc.) exceeding the cost of a closed construction method. In other cases, stations and small stages are built in an open way. For the shallow lines in the CIS, a mixed method is also used: stations are built in pits in an open way, and tunnels of inter-station sections are closed. This method, of course, combines most of the advantages of indoor and outdoor construction methods. This job is very complicated.

Commissioning

The final stage of construction, acceptance of the completed facilities by the customer. At this stage, the compliance of the actual characteristics of the structures with the design is checked.