Pokrovsky, Vladimir Alexandrovich (architect)

Born on March 6 ( 18 ), 1871 in Moscow . He studied until 1885 at the First Moscow Gymnasium , then moved to the First Moscow State Real School . Having completed his studies at the school in 1892, in the summer of the same year he came to St. Petersburg , where he entered the Higher Art School at the Imperial Academy of Arts .

He began working as an assistant with well-known architects after the second year: he supervised the work carried out according to the projects of academicians of architecture V.A.Shreter (construction of the Crew Building and reconstruction of the Mariinsky Theater ) and R.R. Marfeld (construction of the Winery on Vatnoy Ostrov).

After completing the general classes, he chooses the workshop of L. N. Benoit to continue his studies. Diploma "Public library in the capital."

V.A. Pokrovsky becomes assistant L.N. Benois . In the summer of 1898, having refused a pensioner's trip outside the borders of the empire, he went to Warsaw , where at that time the main construction work was underway on the construction of the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky (consecrated in May 1912).

At the same time, from 1899 to 1902, he took part in the supervision of the construction and decoration of the St. George the Victorious Church at the Gusev Glassworks of Yu. S. Nechaev-Maltsev .

Together with his teacher, V. A. Pokrovsky in 1904-1905. restores St. Sophia Cathedral in Tsarskoye Selo; according to their joint project, a bell tower with a chapel in the lower tier is being erected next to the temple. They also completed a competitive design of a new exchange building in Rybinsk (1911).

V. A. Pokrovsky considers it necessary for himself to concentrate "... on the study, collection of materials and the feasible processing of monuments of old times as applied to modern buildings." The architect traveled to Kiev , in the Moscow, Vladimir, Yaroslavl provinces, the regions that belonged to Novgorod and Pskov earlier, where he took photographs, took measurements, made observations and collected material for further processing.

The photographs taken by the architect can be seen on the pages of the first volume of the History of Russian Art, for which, at the invitation of I. E. Grabar, he and A. Shchusev wrote chapters on the art of Novgorod and Pskov.

The Academic Assembly of the Imperial Academy of Arts (IAH) on October 29, 1907 elects V. A. Pokrovsky as an academician; in 1909 - full member of the IAH; at the end of 1910 - a candidate for membership in the Council, in 1915 - an indispensable member of the Academy for the next five years to the IAH Council.

In 1912 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the 3rd degree out of rules for work on the Feodorovsky Cathedral in Tsarskoye Selo and the Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky in Warsaw and the Commander Cross of the Order of Albrecht by the King of Saxony for the pavilion in Dresden.

In 1913, in recognition of merit in the construction of the Church of the Monastery of St. Alexis on the Battle of the Nations field, the Saxon Government granted the architect the title of professor.

In October 1913 he was awarded the title of Architect of the Supreme Court.

Over the years, Vladimir Alexandrovich took part in the activities of societies and commissions:

• Imperial St. Petersburg Society of Architects - Petrograd - Leningrad Society of Architects;
• Society of Architects and Artists (1903-1931);
• the revived "World of Art" (since 1910);
• Mutual aid societies of Russian artists;
• Society for Fundraising for the Technical Education of Women (1905; since January 1908, member of the Society Council);
• Society for the revival of artistic Russia ;
• Petrograd Construction Commission of the State Bank;
• Government Committee for Waterfalls (1917);
• Committee of the Historical and Architectural Exhibition (1911; held in the halls of the Imperial Academy of Arts);
• Commission for the study and description of the monuments of Old Petersburg (1907);
• Committee of the Museum of Old Petersburg (1909-1918);
• Commissions for the study of church paintings;
• Commission on St. Basil’s Cathedral (1912-1917);
• Committee of the Museum of Pre-Petrine Art and Life (1908);
• The Organizing Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Artists (held in St. Petersburg in late December 1911 - early January 1912);
• Commission on the establishment of an independent department of fine arts (March 1917, the so-called Gorky Commission).

From April 1912 to March 1918 he held the position of architect of the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III .

In 1908, photographs of newly built churches and their furnishings, among his other works, were presented at the exhibition at the International Congress of Architects in Vienna. Soon after its closure, exhibitions followed in other art capitals of Europe: London, Paris, Munich and Rome.

He was a member of the jury of two international exhibitions: the Art and Construction and the Art and Industry, held in St. Petersburg in 1908.

The architect is elected as a judge in a competition for the design of cemetery buildings in the capital's Jewish cemetery (in 1907), as well as a competition for the design of the temple in memory of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov House in St. Petersburg.

The beginning of the teaching activity of V. A. Pokrovsky coincided with the opening of a new higher educational institution in the capital - the Higher Women's Polytechnic Courses (in 1915 they were transformed into the Women's Polytechnic, and in 1918 into the Second Petrograd Polytechnic Institute ), where he taught architectural design with May 1906 until the abolition of the university in August 1924

From March 1912 to August 1917, he was an assistant professor-director of the workshop of L.N. Benois at the Higher Art School of the Academy of Arts .

From June 1914 to 1929, he was a professor at the Institute of Civil Engineers (he has been teaching at three higher educational institutions of the capital at the same time for three years).

During the First World War, he also held the position of director of military-building technicians courses at the organized Committee for Military-Technical Assistance.

From May 1920 to June 1922, a professor at two Petrograd institutes was sent to Novocherkassk at the request of the leadership of the Don Polytechnic Institute .

In the early part of his independent work V.A. Pokrovsky often took part in competitions announced by the Imperial St. Petersburg Society of Architects and IAH. The history of the competition for the church in the name of John the Baptist in Kashin in 1904 is noteworthy in that the style specified by the customer, which will become a find for VA Pokrovsky and glorify his name, did not yet have a name. Together with Munts O. R., he executed two versions of the temple in the “newest style”, awarded the 1st and 2nd prizes.

V. A. Pokrovsky developed the main features of his style by 1905 and remained faithful to them all his short creative life; following the main developed techniques, in subsequent years he only developed them, bringing to perfection. Many of the finds were made by him a little earlier than his contemporaries, others - not acquired by him - were applied a little better, located more appropriately, felt. Most of the projects were carried out in two or even three very different versions.

The architect used all kinds of building materials: wood, wild stone, brick, reinforced concrete, glass. Feel free to combine the wooden weddings of churches with a stone base, as, for example, in the design of churches on the Thin Cape in Gelendzhik and at st. Shakhovskoy. Large wooden temples were designed by him for the village at the powder factories and in the village. Yasenki Moscow lips.

Projects of the church in Kashin , the Moscow Merchants' Assembly, the City House in Khabarovsk and, oddly enough, the Armenian Church for Baku were preceded by the appearance of a competitive project of the Military History Museum in 1908 - one of the most prominent projects of its time both in size and in size artistic qualities.

Since 1910, V. A. Pokrovsky no longer takes part in contests announced by the Imperial St. Petersburg Society of Architects and IAH, receiving either registered orders or participating in registered (closed) competitions. Among the first buildings carried out according to the projects of the young architect, there were no competitive ones - tombstones (to A. A. Sapozhnikov) and tombs (families of the Golubev and Pospolitaki) were created by him on orders.

Two temple ensembles - the apostles Peter and Paul at the Shlisselburg powder plants , and the Intercession of the Virgin in Parkhomovka, Kiev province. became milestones in the history of Russian style. With these buildings, loudly, loudly, the new forces of the national direction of Russian art declared themselves - young Russian artists - V. A. Pokrovsky, N. K. Roerich , V. A. Frolov .

Soon V.A. Pokrovsky, with his works, managed to change the attitude of the Supreme Court and its entourage towards the national heritage. In 1909, according to the project of A. N. Pomerantsev in Tsarskoye Selo, construction of the church for the Own E. I. V. Consolidated Regiment and Convoy was begun. Until that time, the imperial couple did not give preference to any style and did not have clear ideas about the appearance of the future temple. The Empress’s wish “so that before the end of the newly built temple ... a temporary marching church was established in the regiment” led to the emergence of a chain of events that brought a new national direction to the front lines, entailed the resurrection of the best achievements of pre-Petrine Russia and in other areas of Russian art.

The adaptation of the barracks to the temple, and temporary, obviously doomed to short-lived existence, entailed other reorganizations. Under the extremely strong impression made by the decoration of a small room, the iconostasis of a typical camp church was replaced by a new one, executed according to the drawing of V. A. Pokrovsky.

Of exceptional importance in the fate of the architect was his acquaintance with Dmitry Nikolayevich Loman , who was not only an outstanding organizer, but also, in part, a co-author of artists.

Through the efforts of D.N. Loman, a year after the start of work, he was given the design and construction of a stone regimental church ; the same thing happens with the building of the Officers' Assembly. The stone station of the Special Imperial Railway on the site of a burnt wooden one is also being constructed according to the plan of Pokrovsky in the same spirit with the mentioned buildings.

These buildings, erected in 1910-1912, predetermined the style of buildings built by order of the environment of the last Russian emperor in Tsarskoye Selo, Petrograd and its environs (in estates, summer cottages, military units).

Orthodox churches designed by V. A. Pokrovsky by the end of the 1910s. were supposed to be a decoration of the streets and squares of European capitals - The Hague, London, Rome, Prague (consulate general). It was supposed to erect even larger and majestic structures in Petrograd ( Trinity Cathedral on the site of the oldest capital church), Nizhny Novgorod ; in the newly founded city on the shore of the Kola Bay (Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Murmansk). The villages at two hydroelectric power stations promised to enter a bright new page in Russian urban planning art.

Temple Buildings

• Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary with the aisle of St. Victor (church with a bell tower, clergy house, gatehouse, gate, fence with a turret and gates). Golubev estate, the village of Parkhomovka, Skvirsky district of the Kiev province (1903-1907); thin artist Roerich N.K., Perminov V.T. , Blaznov A.P .; mosaic artist Frolov V.A. );

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  Aisle in the name of St. Victor

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  Goal. View from the yard

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  Gatehouse

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• Church in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (church with a belfry, gatehouse, fence with gates and gates) at the Shlisselburg powder factories (1903-1907); assistant - I. Bezpalov ; thin artist Roerich N. K.; mosaic painter Frolov B.A; destroyed in 1942-1943);

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  The guard at the temple

• Bell tower. Small Studenets, estate of Prince Engalychevs. Shatsky district of the Tambov province (1905-1907);
• Theodorovsky Cathedral in Tsarskoye Selo (1910-1912; with the participation of V. Maksimov );

• Chapel-tomb of the Prokhorovs in the Moscow Novodevichy Convent (1911; sculptor V. Beklemishev );

• Church of st. Mikhail Chernigovsky on the Thin Cape in Gelendzhik (1910-1912; distorted in the 1990s);

• Temple-monument of St. Alexis on the Battle of the Peoples field in Leipzig (1911-1913; engineers: Krivoshein G. G. , Enke O.);

• Church of the Assumption of the Virgin at the New Cemetery in Nizhny Novgorod (1914-1916);

• Church of St. Blvd. Prince Alexander Nevsky in the village of Maryino, Ruzsky district, Moscow province (1915-1917)

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  Church in Vasilievsky

Public buildings

• House on the estate of V. A. von Rennenkampf "Samarka" on the Neva. Shlisselburg district of St. Petersburg province (1905-1907; rebuilt in the early 2000s)
• Schools at the Gusevsky factories of Yu. S. Nechaev-Maltsev. Melenkovsky district of Vladimir province (1908);

• Officer Assembly of E.I.V. Convoy and E.I.V. Consolidated Infantry Regiment in Tsarskoye Selo (1910-1911; with the participation of architect Maximov V.N.; the building was badly damaged in 1941-1943, demolished in 1962);
• Station of the Imperial Railway (Tsarsky Pavilion) in Tsarskoye Selo (1911-1912; thin. Kurilko M.I. );

• Pavilion at the international hygienic exhibition in Dresden (1911; dismantled at the end of the exhibition; ceramicist Vaulin P.K. );

• Pavilion at the international exhibition of printing and graphics ( Bugra ) in Leipzig (1914; dismantled at the end of the exhibition);
• Pavilion of the Nerchinsky District of the Office of the Cabinet E. I. V. at the exhibition of the Amur Region in Khabarovsk (1913);
• State Loan Treasury in Moscow (1913-1916; citizen. Engineer Nilus B. M. );

• The town of the 3rd Life Guards of the Strelkovoy E.I.V. Regiment in Tsarskoye Selo (1914-1917; with the participation of Sharkov I.I., Schmidt N.A., Junger A.A.);

• Branch of the State Bank in Nizhny Novgorod (1911-1913; thin. Bilibin I. Ya .; Citizen engineer Nilus B. M .; closed competition, 1st prize);

Monuments. Small architectural forms

• Tombstone of A. A. Sapozhnikov in the church of Isidore Pelusiot of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg (1905-1906; lost in the 1930s);
• Monument to E. A. Alexandrovskaya in the church of Isidore Pelusiot of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg (1907; lost in the 1930s);
• The iconostasis in the Church of Our Lady of Kazan of the Assumption Monastery in Perm (1907; artistic director N. K. Roerich );
• Tombstone on the grave of Prince A. N. Engalychev in the village of Maly Studenets of the Shatsky district of the Tambov province (1907-1908);
• The tomb of the Golubev family in the cemetery of the Novodevichy Resurrection Monastery in St. Petersburg (1906, lost in the 1920-1930s);
• The tomb of the Pospolitaki family at the cemetery of the Novodevichy Resurrection Monastery in St. Petersburg (1906, lost in the 1920-1930s);
• Cancer for St. the relics of St. Joasaph of Belgorod and the canopy over it in the Holy Trinity Cathedral of the city of Belgorod, Kursk province (1910-1911; lost);

• Roman Catholic Church of St. Nicholas on Bolshaya Vasilkovskaya St. in Kiev (1898; competition, 4th prize);
• Stone Theater for 1,500 people in Yekaterinoslav (1901; competition);
• Church and crypt over the grave of V.I. Berezin in the estate of Suuk-Su near Gurzuf (1901; competition, 2nd prize);
• Church of st. up Peter and VMCh. Barbarians in the estate of Count V.P. Kochubey Zgurovka in the Poltava province (1901; together with V.A. Pogonkin ; competition, 2nd prize);
• Church of st. Nicholas the Wonderworker and Mch. Tsarina Alexandra at the city children's hospital on Bolshoi Sampsonievsky Ave., d. 65 in St. Petersburg (1902-1903); together with Munts O. R .; competition, 2nd prize);
• Facade in the Art Nouveau style of a city house on Bolshaya Morskaya St., 63 in St. Petersburg (1903; competition, 1st prize);
• Church in the name of John the Baptist in Kashin of the Tver province. (1903-1904; together with Muntz O. R .; competition, 1st and 2nd prizes);
• Moscow Merchants Assembly. Malaya Dmitrovka St., 6. (1905; competition);
• City house in Khabarovsk . (1907-1908; competition);
• Armenian church in Baku . (1907; competition, shared 1-2 prizes);
• Wooden church in the village of Yasenki, Moscow province (1908);
• Military History Museum in St. Petersburg (1908; competition, 1st prize);
• Church of the Exaltation of the Exaltation of the Orthodox Labor Brotherhood on the farm Vozdvizhensky Glukhovsky district of Chernihiv province (1909);
• People’s House named after Aksakova in Ufa (1909; competition);
• Church of the Consolidated E.I.V. Regiment in Tsarskoye Selo (1910);
• Borodinsky bridge over the Moscow River in Moscow (1910; engineer G. Krivoshein G. G., Alexandrov I. G .; competition);
• Church at the Russian Imperial Embassy in Rome (1913);
• The house for honored guests in Verkhoturye, Perm province (1913);
• The Church at the Imperial Russian Mission in The Hague (1913-1916);
• Church of the Elizabethan community at the station Shakhovskaya Moscow-Vindavo-Rybinsk railway. d., Zubtsovsky district of the Tver province (1914);
• Female gymnasium in Soligalich of the Kostroma province (1914);
• Russian Cathedral (Church) in London (1914-1917);
• The stadium on the Cotton Island in Petrograd (1914-1917; together with Kitner I.S. );
• Trinity Cathedral on Trinity Square in Petrograd (1915; closed competition);
• Rurik People's House in Staraya Ladoga, Novoladozhsky Uyezd, Petrograd Province (1915);
• Consulate General in Bohemia in Prague (1915);
• State Bank in Novgorod the Great (1914-1916);
• Temple-monument on the mass grave of the victims of the war with Germany d. Obukhovo near Petrograd (1916);
• Warsaw Polytechnic Institute , evacuated in 1916. Administrative, educational and laboratory buildings, a water tower, a power station, an exhibition pavilion. Nizhny Novgorod . Near the Holy Cross Monastery (at the current square Lyadova). (1916-1917; with the participation of Fedders P.A. );
• A bridge across the Oka River in Nizhny Novgorod (1917; engineer G. Krivoshein G.);
• Cathedral of St. Nicholas of Myra in Romanov-on-Murman, Alexander County, Arkhangelsk Province (1916-1917);
• Power station (hydroelectric power station) on the Malaya Imatra River and the village at it, Vyborg Province. (1917; military engineer. Krivoshein G.G. );
• Station at the station Kalyazin Verkhne-Volzhskaya railway. D., Tverskaya province. (1917);
• Station at the station Uglich Verkhne-Volzhskaya railway, Yaroslavl Bay. (1917);
• Volkhov Power Station (HPS) and the village attached to it, Novoladozh Uyezd of Petrograd Province. (1917-1926; engineer G. Krivoshein G.G.)

Chapels. Monuments. Small architectural forms

• Monument to Peter the Great in Revel (1909; sk. Beklemishev V. A .; competition);
• Cancer for the relics of St. Simeon of Verkhoturye and a canopy above it in the new cathedral of the Nikolaev monastery in Verkhoturye of the Perm province (1913);
• Tombstone chapel in the Trinity-Sergius seaside desert near Strelna near St. Petersburg (1914);
• The tomb of the Mandrazhi family at the Military cemetery in New Peterhof (1916-1917);
• Chapel at the Military Cemetery in Nizhny Novgorod (1917);
• Gates of the fence of the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III in St. Petersburg

Places of residence:

• 5th line of Vasilyevsky island, d. 4, apt. 30. (1892);
• Bolshaya Podyachnaya St., 9, apt. 14. (1897);
• Middle Podyachnaya St., 10, apt. 11. (1899);
• Tuchkov per., D. 11, apt. 5. (1905-1907 gg.);
• 13th line V.O., d. 16, apt. 19. (1907-1931 gg.).

Teaching places:

• Universitetskaya nab., 17. Imperial Academy of Arts. Higher art school. He studied in 1892-1898, taught in 1912-1917.
• 68 Zagorodny pr., Corner of Serpukhovskaya St., 2. Higher Women's Polytechnic Courses - Women's Polytechnic Institute. He taught in 1906-1924.
• 2nd Rota (2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St.), d. 4. Institute of Civil Engineers. He taught in 1914-1929.

1. Father - Alexander Nikolaevich
2. Mother - Anna Afanasevna (d. 1894).
   1. The first wife is Olga Sergeevna, nee Orlova.
      1. Son - Boris Vladimirovich (March 28, 1900 - after 1960), an artist.
      2. Son - Vsevolod Vladimirovich.
   2. The second wife is Lidia Nikolaevna, nee Kutyreva (d. 1942, Leningrad), architect.
      1. Daughter - Zlata Vladimirovna (1914 - 1942, Leningrad).

The architect’s creative heritage has always, albeit with various reservations, been recognized by contemporaries and descendants, attracted to him. Attention to it has increased markedly after the turn of Soviet architecture to historical styles. In 1937-1938 Representatives of the Academy of Architecture and the Moscow Museum of Architecture selected and purchased part of the works of V. A. Pokrovsky stored by his widow.

The acquisition by the museum of the remainder of the architect’s work did not take place, possibly due to the high cost. Of the total heritage estimated by the museum representative at almost 35 thousand rubles, works worth 9 855 rubles were purchased. The recognition of the value of the works of V. A. Pokrovsky can be judged by the number of buildings accepted by the state under protection: in Pushkin, three out of three are preserved, in Moscow two out of two, in Nizhny Novgorod two large ensembles out of two, in St. Petersburg - the IEM library portal .

He died after a long illness on April 30, 1931 in Leningrad.

The burial place is unknown (supposedly Smolensk cemetery ) .

• RGIA, F. 789, op. 11, d. 146. A personal file of V. A. Pokrovsky, instituted at the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1892.
• TsGIA SPb, F. 184, op. 3, d. 65. A personal file of V. A. Pokrovsky, instituted at the Institute of Civil Engineers in 1914.
• GNIMA, Pokrovsky V.A. Foundation

• History of Russian art. Grabar I.E. - editor. SPb. 1910 Volume 1. Page 205-209, 280-302.
• Bulletin of the Leningrad University. 1972, No. 2. Page 149-152. Kirikov B. M. "Academician of architecture V. A. Pokrovsky (on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth)."
• Architectural heritage. No. 21. - M.: “Stroyizdat”. 1973 p. 69-82. Kirichenko E. I. "Search for the national style in the work of V. A. Pokrovsky."
• National style in Russian architecture. Lisovsky V. G. - M.: “Coincidence”. 2000 p. 5, 207, 288-304, 311, 313, 315, 327, 329, 333, 339, 345.
• Nevsky archive. Issue VI. SPb .: “Faces of Russia”. 2003 p. 471-497. Gavrilov S. A. "Architect V. A. Pokrovsky in St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad."
• Heritage Archive 2003. Moscow: Institute of Heritage . 2005 p. 224-275. Gavrilov S. A. "The life path of the architect V. A. Pokrovsky."
• Proceedings of the State Museum of the History of St. Petersburg. Issue 17. Kononenko E. A. - compiler. SPb .: GMISPb. 2008 year
• Magic castle of the Russian Empire: album. - N. Novgorod: Litera, 2013 .-- 256 p., Ill.