Kostyuk, Platon G.

He was born in Kiev in the family of Grigoriy Silovich Kostyuk , a famous Ukrainian psychologist and Motory Fyodorovna Lyashenko.

He graduated from Kiev State University named after Taras Shevchenko ( 1946 ) and Kiev Medical Institute ( 1949 ).

Scientific Activities

Since 1956 - Head of the Department of the Institute of Animal Physiology at Kiev University. Since 1958 - Head of the Department of General Physiology of the Nervous System organized by him at the Institute of Physiology. AA Bogomolets Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, and since 1966 and the director of this institute. Major works on the study of the cellular mechanisms of the nervous system. Kostiuk P. G. for the first time in the USSR used microelectrode techniques in studying the activity of nerve cells and created a school of researchers in this field. Since 1992 - Founder and Director of the International Center for Molecular Physiology, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Founder and Head of the Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology of UNESCO at the International Center for Molecular Physiology. In 1993 - 1999 - Vice-President of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Founder and Head of the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics of the Physico-Technical Scientific Center (Kiev branch of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology ) ( 1978 ). Founder and Chairman of the State Fund for Fundamental Research of Ukraine ( 2001 ).

Back in 1961 , Platon G. was on probation in the laboratory of the Nobel laureate, world-renowned professor Eccles , who created modern physiology . Since then, he and the staff of his institute have traveled regularly abroad, not only at the conference, but also to exchange experience. With the assistance of the Institute, with its assistance, annual world forums were held with the participation of advanced physiological and pathophysiological centers in the UK, Germany, Italy, France, USA, Japan and other countries. In 2000 , on the basis of the Institute and the International Molecular Center, classes on the Molecular Mechanisms of the Plasticity of the Nervous System were held, which was opened by Nobel Prize Winner Erwin Neger from Germany. Thanks to the help of UNESCO and personally to Erwin Neger, the institute invited young specialists from different cities of Ukraine to lectures of leading international scientists.

The areas of scientific research are neurophysiology, molecular biology and cell biophysics. For the first time in world science, he developed the method of intracellular dialysis of soma of the nerve cell and applied it to the study of the membrane and molecular mechanisms of this cell. He made a significant contribution to the disclosure of calcium ion homeostasis in nerve cells and its abnormalities in brain pathology, ischemia / hypoxia, epilepsy, diabetes, pain syndromes, phenylketonuria. ^[four]

Main research papers:

• "Two-neuron reflex arc" ( 1959 ),
• "Microelectrode technology" ( 1960 ),
• Calcium ions in nerve cell function ( 1992 );
• "Calcium signaling in the nervous system" ( 1995 ),
• Plasticity in Nerve Cell Function ( 1998 );
• "Biophysics" ( 2001 ),
• “Calcium ions in brain function. From physiology to pathology "(Ukrainian 2005 ),
• “Over the Ocean of Time” ( 2005 )
• "Intracellular calcium signaling: structures and functions" (UKR. 2010 ).

Outstanding work Kostyuk P. G .:

• Eccles JC, Kostyuk PG, Schmidt RF ( 1962 ) Central pathways responsible for depolarization of primary afferent fibers. J Physiol. 161: 237-257. PMID 13889054
• Araki T, Ito M, Kostyuk PG, Oscarsson O, Oshima T. ( 1962 ) Injection of alkaline cations into cat spinal motoneurones. Nature 196: 1319-1320, PMID 14013543
• Kostyuk PG, Krishtal OA, Pidoplichko VI ( 1975 ) Effects of internal currents and phosphate on membrane currents during intracellular dialysis of nerve cells. Nature 257 (5528): 691–693, PMID 1186845
• Kostyuk PG, Krishtal OA, Pidoplichko VI ( 1977 ). Nature 267 (5606): 70-72, PMID 859639

Political activities

Being elected chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR in those years when this post was considered honorary, but not associated with serious duties, Kostyuk was forced to hold meetings of the last session of the Supreme Soviet, elected according to the old law, which for the first time in the history of the Ukrainian Soviet parliament developed a free debate the adoption of the most important laws on amending the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR related to the new electoral system and the organization of power (adopted on October 27, 1989 ) and on languages ​​in the Ukrainian SSR, establishing for the first time status of the Ukrainian language as the only state (adopted October 28, 1989 ).

Kostyuk was the last chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, who served exclusively as chair of the sessions. According to the amendments to the constitution in 1989 , the new chairman of the Supreme Council, elected after the elections of 1990 , united in his hands the functions of the head of parliament and the head of state, which passed from the abolished Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR.

• He was awarded the title of Hero of Ukraine with the award of the Order of the Power ( May 16, 2007 ) for exceptional personal contribution to strengthening the scientific potential of Ukraine, outstanding achievements in the field of neurophysiology, which became the property of world science, many years of fruitful scientific and social policy .
• He was awarded two Orders of Lenin ( 1981 , 1984 ), two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor ( 1967 , 1974 ), a Hero of Socialist Labor ( 1984 ), the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, V degree ( 1998 ), the honorary distinction of the President of Ukraine (1993) ^[5] medals "For the victory over Germany", "For valiant work. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Lenin ”.
• Order of Friendship ( May 12, 2010 , Russia ) - for a great contribution to the development of world science and the strengthening of Russian-Ukrainian scientific ties ^[6]
• USSR State Prize ( 1983 ), USSR State Prize ( 1976 ), State Prize of Ukraine ( 1992 , 2003 ), IP Pavlov Prize ( 1960 ), I. Sechenov Prize ( 1977 ), A. Prize were awarded. A. Bogomolets ( 1987 ), Luigi Galvani Prize, Georgetown University ( USA , 1992 ).
• Awarded the Gold Medal named after V. I. Vernadsky of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine ( 2004 ).
• Winner of the International Medal of Freedom ( 2006 ).
• Awarded a gold medal for Ukraine, USA ( 2007 ),
• Awarded the Leonard Euler Medal of the European Academy of Natural Sciences, Hannover ( 2009 ).
• He was awarded the title "Honorary Professor of MIPT " (2003) ^[7] and "Honorary Doctor of the Kiev Taras Shevchenko National University" ( 2009 ).
• Awarded a gold medal named after IM Sechenov, Russian Academy of Sciences ( 2009 ).

• PG Kostiuk "Over the Ocean of Time" ed. “Naukova Dumka”, Kiev, 2005, 202 p.
• Y. Vilensky and A. Shevko The battle is not for the sake of glory, but for the sake of life // Day, No. 146, Wednesday, August 18, 2004
• T. Galkovskaya Academician Platon Kostiuk: “I have my own state” // // “Mirror of the Week” № 33 (508) August 21-27, 2004
• I. Trakhtenberg “OCEAN” ACADEMICA PLATON KOSTIUKA (inaccessible link) // “Vesnik of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine”, 2008, No. 8 (in Ukrainian)
• T. Galkovskaya Platon Kostiuk in the scientific world sounds like a password // “ Mirror of the Week ”, № 33 (761) September 5-11, 2009
• P. Brezhestovsky. Missionary in Science // Troitsky Variant , 2010, No. 54, p. eight
• I. Osipchuk In the late 1950s, my father was released from the USSR to work in Australia with the future Nobel Prize winner John Eccles. Papa was accompanied by a “comrade in civilian clothes” who did not know English (inaccessible link) // “FACTS”, 2010, No. 91 (3102), p.5
• I. Trakhtenberg Academician Kostiuk about life and science. Farewell Essay // “The Mirror of the Week”, 2010, No. 20 (800), p.11
• O. O. Luk'yanets. Pam'yatі academician P.G. Kostyuk (Neopr.) // Physiological journal . - Kyiv, 2010. - Vol. 56 , No. 4 . - p . 139-149 .

• Kostyuk, Platon G. (Russian) . The site " Heroes of the country ."
• HERO OF UKRAIN - Kostyuk Platon Grigorovich (ukr.)
• Profile of Platon G. Kostyuk on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Biography
• Kostyuk Platon Grigorovich, Physician and Biophysician, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine (Kiev) - Naukova Biography (in Ukrainian)
• Kostyuk Platon Grigorovich (ukr.)