Arcadac

The etymology of the name of the city Arkadak has three versions. Translated from the ancient Türkic arcadak , it is “a place surrounded by mountains” ^[2] . According to another version - from the Turkic same Arkadag , which means "Rear Mountain", as it signified the flow between the hills of the river bypassing the hills behind. The third is from two supposedly Greek words: “arch” and “duck”.

The city of Arkadak took its name from the Arkadak River , which flows into the Khoper nearby. The name of the river exists from the time of the Sarmatians and Don Alans . This river and settlement was mentioned in the possession of the landowner L.K. Naryshkin in Konobeyevsky volost as granted in 1691 by Tsar Peter the Great to his uncle L.K. Naryshkin .

The first mention of it as a “new settlement” in 1721 was after the first census of the population of the Russian Empire (carried out in 1719-1727 ).

In 1736 L.K. Naryshkin built a wooden church "in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker" on the banks of the Arkadak River. From what is known the second name of Arkadak as the village of Nikolskoye.

The next owner of Arkadak was the Earl , Field Marshal , Ukrainian Hetman Kirill Razumovsky . Since October 27, 1746, Razumovsky married the maid of honor of the imperial court Ekaterina Naryshkina , in whom Arkadak was also a dowry. Hetman Razumovsky organized the resettlement of some Orthodox Ukrainians to Arkadak.

In 1820 , Arkadak, according to a deal (deed of purchase), became the property of A. V. Abaza (Ababa Aga Vasilievich with the nickname "Abaza"), which founded the "distillery" for the production of "bread wine" (vodka). Until now, the air of the city of Arkadak is distinguished by periodic filling with a characteristic odor of bard (waste products from the distillery).

In 1868 , this estate of Abaza in Balashov district was bought by Prince L. D. Vyazemsky . In 1872 - 1881 , he opened a hospital, a school, a brick church, a boarding house for the poor children of local residents for local residents, arranged a manor and distillery. A railway was constructed and a station was opened on it in the village of Arkadak.

• In 1900 the library was opened, in 1903 - the Theological College, the Zemsky hospital was built of brick.
• In 1909 , a brick factory was built.
• In 1913 , an elevator, an oil mill and a mill were built by merchant Epifanov Alexander Nikolaevich.
• In 1918 , state farms were created, in 1929 , a machine and tractor station, and in 1930 , the Smychka collective farm.
• January 27, 1939 the village of Arkadak was transformed into a working village.
• In 1941 - 1945 the inhabitants of Arkadak fought on the fronts: Fourteen natives of the Arkadak land became Heroes of the Soviet Union , many were awarded orders and medals.

Arkadak has been a city since January 1, 1963 .

After making amendments to the charters of the city and the district, provided for by Federal Law No. 315-FZ, the administration of the municipal formation of the city of Arkadak was abolished. The functions of the city administration are entrusted to the administration of the Arkadak district ^[3]

The climate is temperate continental with uniform but insufficient moisture.

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was in 869th place out of 1115 ^[21] cities of the Russian Federation ^[22] .

In 1721, the settlement on the Arkadak River consists of local residents.

In 1736, L.K. Naryshkin relocated 313 peasants from his Murom and Serpukhov estates to Arkadak (the village of Nikolskoye).

In the XVIII century , Orthodox Ukrainians settled in Arkadak during the time of Arkadak's possession of the Ukrainian hetman Razumovsky K.G.

In the 19th century , a colony of Germans and Danes from the Christian sect of the Protestant " Mennonites " (from Elblлонg , Malbork , Danzig ) settled in Arkadak , who received 15 acres of land per capita from 1854 . There were eight villages in total. Settlement No. 1 Vladimirovka, Settlement No. 2 Borisovka, Settlement No. 3 Dmitrievka, Settlement No. 4 Marianovka, Settlement No. 5 Vyazemsky, Settlement No. 6 Leonidovka, Settlement No. 7 Lidovka, Settlement at Art. Arkadak. At the beginning of the XIX century. there were about 1,5 thousand people. After the publication of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On the resettlement of Germans living in the Volga region” of August 28, 1941, the villages were liquidated.

The city is built up mainly of one-story wooden houses, although there are many private brick houses and urban five-story buildings with apartments. The regional infrastructure is developed, since the city of Arkadak is the center of the Arkadak district of the Saratov region of the Russian Federation. There is a leisure park, Khoper Hotel, 3 schools, 5 kindergartens, the district administration, the House of Culture, the Mir cinema, the Cosmos cinema, the Elegant home, the Pioneer House (sports sections and circles), a sports stadium , workshops, shops, market, Russian post office, pharmacy, police department, prosecutor's office, court, Sberbank of Russia branches, a fitness center (with a swimming pool, gymnasiums and games rooms, weightlifting), a family social assistance center and children "Family", etc.

In 2011, two bridges were put into operation, across the Khoper River (162 meters) and the old town of Khopra, the Gnilusha Lake (155 meters) for a new highway through Arkadak (along the Saratov-Turki route). There is a bus station and a gas station.

The city has enterprises and factories ^[23] :

• milk canning;
• Federal State Institution Volzhanka Plant of the Federal Reserve;
• bakery, etc.

In the city are:

• kindergartens; ^{[ what? ]}
• three secondary schools (No. 1, 2, 3);
• medical School;
• Polytechnic Lyceum № 50
• the building of the first Zemstvo school of Arkadak and the railway school No. 53 (the current school No. 3) has been preserved.

Museums

• Arkadak Museum of Local Lore - opened in 1971 as a public museum, in 1990 received the status of a branch of the Saratov Regional Museum of Local Lore.

Palaces of Culture

• Arkadaksky District House of Culture - built in 1964.

Cinemas

• Mir (Kalinin Street) - opened in 1959. In 2017, reconstruction was carried out.
• "Cosmos" - opened in 1967.

• Socio-political newspaper "Selskaya nov."

• The current Holy Ascension Church made of bricks (since 1822 ). According to legend, before the revolution , a cross was kept in the temple with particles of the Holy Cross from Jerusalem , which was used in the coronation ceremony of the Russian Emperors . In 1918 , it disappeared without a trace.
• Monument to those killed in World War II in the central square; Monuments to M.I. Kalinin and V.I. Lenin.

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  Holy Ascension Church in Arkadak

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  Arkadak Museum of Local Lore

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  Arkadak administration in the central square

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  Arkadak House of Culture

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  Arcadak House of Life "Elegant"

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  Arkadak sports stadium

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  Arkadak playground in the park

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  Arkadak dance floor for a disco in the park

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  The entrance of the old distillery (distillery giving bard, the characteristic smell of Arkadak)

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  The old Khoper river bed is the edge of the Gnilusha lake (on the way to the Khoper river)

• Arkadak // Cities of Russia: Encyclopedia. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1994. - S. 24. - 559 p. - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-026-6 .

• Arkadak in the Great Saratov Encyclopedia
• Arkadak in the encyclopedia "My city"
• Site of the city of Arkadak
• The history of the coat of arms of Arkadak
• Laptev Andrey “History of geographical names of Russia” (Arkadak)