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Xi Jinping

Xi Jinping ( Chinese trad. 習近平 , Ex . 习近平 , Pinyin : Xí Jìnpíng , pall .: Xi Jinping ; born on June 15 [Comm. 1 1953 , Beijing ) - Chinese statesman and political figure , acting General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party China [7] , Chairman of the People’s Republic of China from March 14, 2013 [8] , Chairman of the Central Military Council of the PRC [9] . Since Xi is not only the head of state , holding the post of chairman of the country, but also occupies leading positions in the party and the army, he is sometimes called the “supreme leader” of China [10] [11] . In 2016, the party officially gave him the title of "main" leader [12] . As general secretary of the party, Xi ex officio occupies the position of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee , the leading body of China.

Xi Jinping
Kit. 习近平
Xi jinping
Flag7th Chairman of the PRCFlag
from November 7, 2012
Head of the governmentLi Keqiang
Vice presidentBa Qishan
PredecessorHu jintao
Flag12th General Secretary of the CPC Central CommitteeFlag
from November 7, 2012
PredecessorHu jintao
Flag8thFlag
March 15, 2008 - March 14, 2013
The presidentHu jintao
PredecessorZeng Qinghong
SuccessorLi Yuanchao
FlagGovernor of Fujian
1999 - 2002
PredecessorHe Guoqiang
SuccessorLu Zhangong
Birth
Beijing , PRC
Birth name
Father
Mother
Spouse
Children
The consignment
Education
Academic degreeDoctor of Law
Religionatheism [1]
AutographXi'sign1.gif
Awards
RUS Order of St.Andrew ribbon bar.png
Order of King Abdul-AzizBig chain of order of the Republic of SerbiaOrder of Lepold I
VEN Order of the Liberator - Grand Cordon BAR.pngCavalier of the Order of Jose MartiOrder of Nishan-e-Pakistan
Commander of the Order of ZaidThe Star of Palestine (Palestine) Ribbon.svgGrand Cross of the Order of the Liberator of San Martin
Commander of the Order "Manas" I degreeGolden Olympic OrderBy-order friendship of nations rib.png

Prior to this, since 2008, Vice- Chairman of the People's Republic of China , from November 2010, Deputy Chairman of the Central Military Council. A member of the CPC since January 1974, a candidate member of the 15th convocation CPC Central Committee (since 1997), a member of the 16th convocation CPC Central Committee (since 2002), a member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the 17th convocation Politburo since 2007). He is the successor of Hu Jintao , who gave him a post in the CPC Central Committee on November 15, 2012 [13] [14] [15] . According to the results of the vote on March 14, 2013 at the first session of the 12th convocation of the National People’s Congress of China, Xi Jinping was elected chairman of the PRC [16] .

Since coming to power, Xi has taken large-scale measures to strengthen party discipline and ensure internal unity. His landmark led to the fall of prominent incumbent and retired officials [17] . Xi tightened restrictions on civil society and strengthened ideological discourse, advocating Internet censorship in China as a concept of “network sovereignty” [18] [19] . Xi called for further market economic reforms, management in accordance with the law and the strengthening of legal institutions with a focus on individual and national aspirations under the slogan " Chinese dream " [20] . Xi also defended a firmer foreign policy, especially with respect to Sino-Japanese relations , China in the South China Sea, and the role of a leading supporter of free trade and globalization. The credo of his foreign policy is “great-power diplomacy with Chinese characteristics” ( whale. 中國 特色 大 國外 交 , pinyin : Zhongguo tese de daguo waijiao) [21] . He also sought to expand the Eurasian influence of China through the initiative “ One Belt and One Road ” [17] .

Content

Biography

Origins and early years

Xi Jinping was born in 1953 in Peking, by nationality - Khan . His father Xi Junjun (1913–2002) was from Fuping County , Shaanxi Province ; in the 1930s he was one of Mao Zedong’s closest associates, and after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, he held senior positions in the country's leadership, right up to the position of Deputy Prime Minister in 1959-1962 [22] [23] , Xi - the younger is his third child from his second marriage with Qi Xin (born 1926). Due to its origin, Xi Jinping is counted among the representatives of the inner-party faction (clan) of "taijidan" [24] , the " party of princes " [25] - descendants of major Chinese party leaders.

 
Xi Jinping (left) with his father and brother, 1958

Xi Jinping’s childhood was prosperous, which was determined by the position of his father, but in 1962 his father was accused of an anti-party conspiracy. In 1965, Xi Zhongsyun was expelled from Beijing to Henan Province, and during the " cultural revolution " (1966-1976) was kept under arrest [22] [25] [26] [27] . The repression befell his son: in 1969, Xi-S was sent to “labor re-education” in the village of Yanchuan, one of the poorest provinces of China - Shaanxi [22] [26] [28] . There, for nearly seven years, Xi Jinping lived at the very bottom: his home was a cave, a thin blanket on the bricks was his bed, and a bucket was his toilet. Recalling that period, Jinping said that he had to endure the fight against fleas, hard physical labor and constant loneliness. The press noted that the publications about the years of Xi Jinping's deprivations formed among the Chinese people the idea of ​​him as a person who understands what a “simple Chinese” lives, thanks to which his side turned out to be sympathies of ordinary people [22] . The media citing materials from the informant of American diplomats published by the WikiLeaks portal noted that in response to the repression, Xi Jinping became "redder than red" and engaged in politics, adopting a communist ideology [22] [23] [27] [28] . In 1971, Xi Jinping joined the Komsomol [29] .

In the early 1970s, he, like the children of other party officials, was allowed to return [22] . In 1974, despite the fact that his father was still in prison, Xi Jinping was accepted into the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and even became the secretary of the village party organization. In 1975, Xi Jinping entered the prestigious Beijing Tsinghua University in the Faculty of Chemical Technology. After graduating from high school in 1979, he was for some time the secretary of the State Council Office and the Central Military Council [28] . By this time, Xi Jinping’s father had returned from imprisonment and resumed his political activities in the highest cohort of the second generation of leaders of the country under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, who in 1978 headed the country: Xi Junxun was appointed party leader, and then simultaneously the governor of Guangdong Province [23] [24] [30] .

Party career

In 1982, Xi Jinping became secretary to General Gen Biao , Minister of Defense (1981–1982) and his father’s comrade-in-arms (perhaps thanks to the patronage of the latter, Xi-junior took this position). But then he asked to be sent to work in the province and in the same year he became deputy secretary of the CCP committee in Zhengding County, Hebei Province [22] [23] [27] [28] .

In 1983, Xi was elected secretary of the Zhendin CCP Committee, combining this post with the post of the first political commissioner of the People’s Armed Militia of the same county. It was noted that in Zhendin , famous for ancient pagodas and monasteries, he was able to significantly increase the economic performance of the region and increase revenues to the budget due to the development of the tourist potential of the county [31] . In 1985, Xi Jinping was appointed to the coastal province of Fujian , where he became vice-mayor of Xiamen and a member of the standing committee of his city committee of the CCP. Xiamen was a special economic zone located across the strait from Taiwan . In 1988, Xi became the secretary of the CCP Committee of Ningde County of Fujian Province and the first secretary of the Fujian Military District of the People’s Liberation Army of China. In 1990, he was appointed secretary of Fuzhou (Fujian Prov.) Municipal Committee of the CPC (held this post until 1996), and from 1990 to 1995 he was chairman of the Standing Committee of the Assembly of People’s Representatives (SNP) of the city. He remained the first secretary of the military district of Ningde. Xi Jinping was a delegate to the XIV All-Chinese CPC Congress (1992) [28] .

From 1995 to 2002, Xi Jinping served as deputy secretary of the CCP Committee and First Military Commissar of Fujian Province. In 1997, he became a candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPC, in 1998 he was elected to the 9th National People's Congress and was a member of this body until 2003 [28] . In parallel, in 1998-2002, Xi Jinping attended graduate school at Tsinghua University in the Faculty of Humanities with a degree in Marxist theory and ideological-political education [22] [24] [26] [28] , he received his doctorate in jurisprudence [25 ] [26] [32] .

In 1999, Xi Jinping was appointed acting, and in 2000 he was elected Governor of Fujian Province (East China) and held this position until October 13, 2002 [33] . The press noted that due to the border position of the province with the island of Taiwan, he was able to "establish strong economic contacts with the businessmen of the island" and attract significant investments to the province [22] [28] .

In November 2002, at the XVI CPC Congress, Hu Jintao was elected the new Secretary General of the Central Committee of the CPC [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] . This marked the transfer of power to the "fourth generation" of the leaders of the PRC . At this congress, Xi Jinping joined the CCP Central Committee.

In 2002–2003, Xi Jinping was the acting governor of the “rich” province of Zhejiang [22] [23] [28] , and from 2003 to 2007 he headed the standing committee of the Provincial People’s Representatives Meeting [40] . At the same time, Xi was deputy secretary (2002), then secretary of the CPC committee (2002-2007), chairman of the national defense mobilization committee of Zhejiang province, first secretary of the party committee of the Nanjing military district (2002-2007) [22] [23] [26] [28] . It was noted that in Zhejiang Xi Jinping has established itself as an implacable fighter against corruption [22] [41] .

Politburo member

From March to October 2007, he headed the Shanghai Communist Party Committee. The appointment of Xi Jinping to Shanghai occurred after a high-profile corruption scandal that culminated in the arrest of his predecessor Chen Lianyu there . According to the Sinologist Cand. Phil. Yevgeny Rumyantsev, this appointment was the result of a compromise between Secretary General Hu Jintao and supporters of former Secretary General Jiang Zemin [comm. 2] . Alexander Gabuev noted that already to his appointment in Shanghai Xi Jinping avoided Li Keqiang in terms of succession to the first person, Gabuev also noted his connections among the military (as noted by many [42] ), reputation in the sphere of relations between Beijing and Taipei [43] . By the 17th CPC Congress (October 2007), Xi Jinping and Li Keqiang were identified as the main contenders for the succession of Hu Jintao scheduled for 2012 (the 18th CPC Congress ), as Expert magazine noted: “Lee is considered a protégé of Hu Jintao, Xi is more compromise a figure that suits everyone to one degree or another ” [44] . On the eve of the 17th congress, Mark Zavadsky quoted the words of the famous Hong Kong expert on China, Willy Lam, that the decision on who would succeed Hu Jintao as the CCP general secretary was already made: “After a series of consultations, it was decided to stay on the candidacy of the current party boss Shanghai Xi Jinping, who arranges all the main factions within the CCP [45] . Zavadsky also noted that Hu Jintao would more like to see Li Keqiang as his successor. At the 17th plenary session of the 17th convocation of the CPC Central Committee, Xi Jinping joined the Standing Committee of the Politburo and the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee [comm. 3] . In addition, in 2007, he became the Central Committee Chairman of the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Group, the party building group, the Vice Chairman of the Foreign Policy Group and the Taiwan Affairs Group [46] ; In December of the same year, he headed the Party School under the CPC Central Committee. Accepting Xi Jinping’s resignation from the post of head of the CCP Shanghai City Committee in October 2007, the head of the Organizing Department of the CPC Central Committee, Li Yuanchao, declared that “the leadership of the party greatly appreciates the work of Comrade Xi in Shanghai, but he will have to deal with affairs nationwide” [47] .

At the 1st session of the All-China People’s Assembly of the 11th convocation in March 2008, Xi Jinping was its executive chairman and permanent chairman of the Presidium of the session. He was elected Vice- Chairman of the People's Republic of China . From this point on, the question of the successor to the current Hu Jintao is considered by many as practically resolved [42] , and also noted that he practically repeated all career movements of Hu [22] [23] [28] [46] . For example, taking into account the future status of Xi Jinping, a program of his visit to Tokyo in December 2009 was arranged, when full-format negotiations of the Chinese representative with the head of the cabinet of ministers took place, the Chinese guest was received by the emperor of Japan [42] .

It was noted that Xi Jinping’s “skills in anti-corruption activities” were “very successfully used” by him “at the final stage of preparation for the 2008 Olympics” in Beijing (in particular, he was personally credited with combating theft and bribery during the construction of Olympic facilities) [22] [24] [37] [48] [49] .

In October 2010, at the 5th Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the CPC, Xi Jinping was appointed deputy chairman of the Central Military Council of the CPC , and in the same month , the NPC Standing Committee appointed him deputy chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China .

On January 17, 2011, the Vice-President of the People's Republic of China, Xi Jinping, stated that the creation of a peaceful and favorable international climate for the development of the country, during the first 20 years of the 21st century, “the most important and foremost task in foreign affairs is to ensure and successful use of important strategic chances for China, ”he said. [50] In September 2012, rumors were leaking to the press that C had a heart attack, which explained his 11-day absence in public; however, a few days after the appearance of media materials on this topic, he took part in a public event [51] [52] .

General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, Chairman of the People's Republic of China

As expected, in November 2012 at the XVIII CPC Congress, Hu Jintao resigned from the party Central Committee, and on November 15 at the plenary session of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping was elected the new general secretary and chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party [53] [54] [55] .

 
Xi Jinping and John Kerry , July 10, 2014
 
Meeting Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin, July 8, 2015

March 14, 2013 at the plenary meeting of the National People’s Congress, Xi Jinping was elected chairman of the PRC. On November 9—12, 2013, the 3rd plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China of the 18th convocation was held in China, which adopted the following decisions:

  1. creation of adoptive members and Internet sites [56] ,
  2. the creation of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone and other similar zones [56] ,
  3. creation of small and medium-sized private banks [56]
  4. creation of a bank deposit insurance system [56]
  5. complete abolition of restrictions on registration in towns and small towns, but not in large cities and centers [56] ,
  6. the extension of the urban system of housing and social welfare to rural residents who have been registered in cities [56]
  7. the establishment of rules for the transfer of rural residents to the pension and medical insurance programs of the urban population [56]
  8. permission to sell long-term lease rights to land owned by peasants at market prices,
  9. the provision on targeted support for vulnerable groups of the population - the elderly, women and “abandoned children” (that is, children of migrant workers left in the care of relatives) in rural areas and people with disabilities [56] ,
  10. promoting the implementation of a policy in which a couple can have two children, if at least one of the spouses is an only child [56] ,
  11. the creation of protected state reserves [56]
  12. access of foreign capital to previously closed areas (finance, education, culture, medicine, social services, construction design, etc.) [56] .

November 29, 2012 in the National Museum of China (Beijing) put forward the concept of the Chinese dream of the great revival of the Chinese nation, which formed the basis of the current social and political course of the PRC. [57]

On December 28, 2013, the Resolution of the Standing Committee of the All-Chinese People’s Representatives abolished the extrajudicial referral to “re-education through labor” camps, legalized as early as 1957. [58]

At the XI Plenum of the 18th convocation of the CPC Central Committee, which was held in closed form from October 24 to October 27, 2016, Xi Jinping received the status of “governing core”, which his predecessor Hu Jintao did not have. Jacob Berger, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Far Eastern Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, believes that Xi can become the third leader of the CCP with absolute authority, like Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping [59] .

On October 23, 2017, at the XIX Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, President Xi Jinping was re-elected to the post of general secretary of the central committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

On October 24, 2017, at the 19th CPC Congress, Xi Jinping’s idea of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era was officially introduced into the CPC Charter. For the first time since the time of Mao Zedong, this happened before the expiration of the terms of office of the Secretary General of the Central Committee. According to the degree of influence on the country, Xi Jinping caught up with Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping, the founder of the PRC, [60] and his ideas on the level of importance for the PRC turned out to be comparable with “Marxism-Leninism, ideas of Mao Zedong , Deng Xiaoping’s theory, important ideas of triple representation and scientific concept of development " [61] .

On March 11, 2018, at the first session of the NPC of the 13th convocation, an amendment to the PRC Constitution was adopted, as a result of which Xi Jinping’s idea of ​​socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era was officially incorporated into the PRC Constitution [62] .

Under Xi Jinping, an anti-corruption campaign was launched, which affected both grassroots and senior management. In 2018, 621 thousand people were prosecuted for corruption (of which 526 thousand received party penalties) [63] .

Personal qualities

 
“Above the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics ! Seriously study and implement the ideas of Xi Jinping about the socialism of the new era with Chinese characteristics! ”The slogan of the CPC village committee of Syi village, Panjiawan village, Jiau county prov. Hubei

It was mentioned that Xi Jinping loves football, has experience in practicing Buddhist martial arts and qigong breathing exercises. He repeatedly confessed his sympathies to Russian classical literature, singled out F. Dostoevsky among Russian writers, and noted the influence that Leo Tolstoy and M. A. Sholokhov's epic novels had on him [64] [65] [66] [67 ] ] . It was mentioned that he knows English well [26] and is interested in Hollywood films, among which was the painting “ Saving Private Ryan ”. In a conversation with an American diplomat, the politician himself said that in such films he was attracted by “a clear look at values, a clear distinction between good and evil,” and the fact that “good usually triumphs” [22] [23] .

Xi Jinping has repeatedly been included in the ratings of the most influential people in the world, in particular, those who made up Forbes magazines [68] and Time [69] [70] . In 2018, he topped the list of the most influential people in the world according to Forbes [71] ; during the previous five years he was among the ten most influential people in the world.

The press noted that “over several decades of political activity, the name of Xi Jinping was never associated with participation in corruption scandals,” and in this matter he is “absolutely clean” [22] [23] [26] [27] . Giving the characteristics of C, the media noted that he was “a wise, purposeful, balanced, pragmatic and far-sighted politician.”

Xi Jinping and Winnie the Pooh

Any mention of Winnie the Pooh is prohibited on the territory of China due to the similarity of its image with a party politician [72] . В частности, недавно запрету подверглась игра Devotion , где присутствовало изображение медведя, похожего на председателя КНР. Этого оказалось достаточно для полного запрета в китайском разделе сервиса Steam [73] .

Family

В первой половине 1980-х годов Си Цзиньпин был женат на Кэ Линлин ( кит. 柯玲玲 ), дочери посла Китая в Великобритании Kэ Хуа [74] . По данным американских дипломатов, опубликованным порталом WikiLeaks, пара «жила в апартаментах в престижном районе Наньшагоу в западном Пекине, где они выясняли отношения практически каждый день». Кэ покинула страну и переехала жить в Англию [22] [27] .

С 1987 года второй женой Си Цзиньпина является знаменитая китайская певица Пэн Лиюань ( кит. 彭麗媛 ) (род. 1962) [75] , начальник Академии искусств НОАК бывший руководитель ансамбля песни и пляски Народно-освободительной армии Китая в чине генерал-майора. Она часто путешествует по стране с концертами, является популярным исполнителем народных песен, и Си Цзиньпин до избрания в секретариат ЦК КПК в 2007 году «был однозначно менее известен в стране, чем его супруга» [22] [24] [26] [76] : «Ранее привлекал внимание журналистов только как муж известной в Китае певицы Пэн Лиюань», — отмечалось в статье о Си, опубликованной в 2007 году в журнале «Эксперт» [44] .

У Си есть дочь Си Минцзэ ( кит. 習明澤 ) (род. 1992) [26] [77] . По некоторым данным, она обучается в Гарварде под вымышленным именем [78] [79] .

Сёстры Си Цзиньпина проживают в Канаде и Австралии, а брат — в Гонконге [22] [23] [27] [77] .

По данным агентства Bloomberg , Си Цзиньпин, его жена и дочь лично не владеют бизнесом, однако их ближайшие родственники очень богаты. Так, журналисты нашли у братьев, сестёр и других родственников Си доли в компаниях на 376 миллионов долларов, 18 процентов непрямых инвестиций в компанию по добыче редкоземельных металлов Jiangxi Rare Earth & Rare Metals Tungsten Group (стоимость всей компании оценивалась в 1,73 миллиарда долларов), а также 20,2 миллиона долларов вложений в публичную технологическую компанию Hiconics Drive Technology [77] [80] .

Awards

  • Золотой Олимпийский орден ( МОК , 19 ноября 2013 года ) [81] .
  • Кавалер Большого креста ордена Леопольда I ( Бельгия , 30 марта 2014 года ) [82] .
  • Большая лента ордена Освободителя ( Венесуэла , 20 июля 2014 года ) [83] .
  • Орден «Хосе Марти» ( Куба , 22 июля 2014 года ) [84] .
  • Орден Пакистана 1 класса ( Пакистан , 21 апреля 2015 года ) [85] .
  • Орден короля Абдель-Азиза ( Саудовская Аравия , 19 января 2016 года ) [86] .
  • Кавалер орденской цепи Ордена Республики Сербии ( Сербия , 18 июня 2016 года ) [87] .
  • Орден «За укрепление мира и дружбы» ( Белоруссия , 29 сентября 2016 года ) [88] .
  • Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного ( Россия , 3 июля 2017 года ) — за выдающиеся заслуги в укреплении дружбы и сотрудничества между народами Российской Федерации и Китайской Народной Республики [89] .
  • Большая цепь ордена Звезды Палестины ( Палестина , 18 июля 2017 года ) [90] .
  • Орден Заида ( ОАЭ , 20 июля 2018 года ) [91] .
  • Цепь ордена Освободителя Сан-Мартина ( Аргентина , 2 декабря 2018 года ) [92] .
  • Орден «Манас» I степени ( Киргизия , 13 июня 2019 года ) [93] .
  • Орден «Зарринточ» I степени ( Таджикистан , 15 июня 2019 года ) [94] .

Comments

  1. ↑ В различных источниках приводятся разные даты рождения Си Цзиньпина — 1 июня, 15 июня. В официальной биографии, как это принято в Китае, указывается только месяц рождения — июнь.
  2. ↑ «Си Цзиньпин не входит в так называемую „комсомольскую группировку“, которая при Ху Цзиньтао стала важнейшим кадровым резервом партии, и, таким образом, его назначение не может рассматриваться как безоговорочная победа генсека ЦК КПК Ху Цзиньтао, а является компромиссом между ним и другими силами в высшем руководстве страны. Лидером этих сил обычно считают заместителя Председателя КНР Цзэн Цинхуна » («Российские Вести», 25 апреля — 01 мая 2007 № (15) 1865).
  3. ↑ Как и Ху Цзиньтао в своё время в 1992 году: минуя членство в Политбюро и сразу первым по перечислению секретарём ЦК.

Notes

  1. ↑ 桑林峰 . 共产党员绝不能信仰宗教 // 共产党员绝不能信仰宗教 . — 2016. — № 6054 ( 4月30日 ). — 第1页 . — Согласно «Решению ЦК КПК и Госсовета об усилении религиозной работы» 2002 г, члены КПК не должны иметь религиозных убеждений.
  2. ↑ Xi Jinping began career as cadre in rural Hebei — South China Morning Post , 2012.
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1198574 "></a>
  3. ↑ Xi Jinping Millionaire Relations Reveal Fortunes of Elite — Bloomberg News , 2012.
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q14270642 "></a>
  4. ↑ Xi Jinping's mother praises father's influence on their children in article — South China Morning Post , 2013.
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1198574 "></a>
  5. ↑ Xi Jinping put work first and missed birth of daughter — South China Morning Post , 2012.
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q1198574 "></a>
  6. ↑ 1 2 China's Peng Liyuan a First Lady in more ways than one — The Straits Times , 2014.
    <a href=" https://wikidata.org/wiki/Track:Q498921 "></a>
  7. ↑ China's 'Chairman of Everything': Behind Xi Jinping's Many Titles (25 October 2017). «Mr. Xi's most important title is general secretary , the most powerful position in the Communist Party. In China's one-party system, this ranking gives him virtually unchecked authority over the government.».
  8. ↑ Tania Branigan. Xi Jinping becomes China's president (неопр.) . The Guardian (14 марта 2013).
  9. ↑ Who's Who in China's Leadership (неопр.) . China.org.cn . Архивировано 16 августа 2016 года.
  10. ↑ Huang, Cary Xi Jinping pledges renewal of the nation (неопр.) . South China Morning Post .
  11. ↑ Wang, Xiangwei . Xi moves closer to becoming another paramount leader , South China Morning Post (18 ноября 2013).
  12. ↑ Wu, Zhong All hail Xi, China's third 'core' leader (неопр.) . www.atimes.com (23 октября 2016). The appeal date is November 13, 2017.
  13. ↑ Китай уменьшил прогноз экономического роста (рус.) . BBC Russian. Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  14. ↑ Рогачёв, Игорь Алексеевич , http://www.fontanka.ru/2011/10/19/087/
  15. ↑ Китай — навстречу XVIII съезду КПК: увиденное из-за кулис (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Новое восточное обозрение. Дата обращения 8 мая 2017. Архивировано 4 марта 2016 года.
  16. ↑ Председателем КНР избран Си Цзиньпин (неопр.) . Российская газета . Дата обращения 16 марта 2013.
  17. ↑ 1 2 China's Soft-Power Deficit Widens as Xi Tightens Screws Over Ideology , the China Brief , Brookings Institution (5 декабря 2014).
  18. ↑ Tiezzi, The, Shannon . China's 'Sovereign Internet' , The Diplomat . The appeal date is August 4, 2017.
  19. ↑ Ford, Peter . On Internet freedoms, China tells the world, 'leave us alone' , Christian Science Monitor (18 декабря 2015). The appeal date is August 4, 2017.
  20. ↑ Xi Jinping calls for a Chinese dream, Daily Telegraph (неопр.) . The appeal date is November 13, 2017.
  21. ↑ [< http://theory.people.com.cn/n/2015/0212/c40531-26552481.html王毅：指導新形勢下中國外交的強大思想武器 Wang Yi: Zhidao xin xingshi xia Zhongguo waijiao de qiangda sixiang wuqi (Wang Yi: Powerful ideological weaponry for the purpose of channelling China under new circumstances)] (неопр.) . 中國共產黨新聞 Zhongguo Gongchandang xinwen . The appeal date is November 13, 2017.
  22. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Татьяна Каукенова . Наследный «принц» Китая. — Forbes Kazakhstan. — № 8, апрель 2012.
  23. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Александр Ломанов . Флаги китайских отцов. — Россия в глобальной политике, 19.04.2011.
  24. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Александр Чудодеев . Китайский принц. — Итоги, 01.11.2010. — № 44 / 751.
  25. ↑ 1 2 3 Игорь Денисов . Си Цзиньпин. «Номер один» на «скамейке запасных». — Голос России, 22.03.2010.
  26. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Most corrupt officials are from poor families but Chinese royals have a spirit that is not dominated by money. — The Guardian, 26.10.2007.
  27. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Subject: Portrait of vice president Xi Jinping: "Ambitious. — WikiLeaks, 16.11.2009.
  28. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Xi Jinping: Career Data. — China Vitae. — Версия от 13.09.2012.
  29. ↑ Си Цзиньпин (неопр.) . МГИМО. Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  30. ↑ Reformer with an iron fist. — CNN. — Версия от 20.09.2012.
  31. ↑ Си Цзиньпин занял высший государственный пост в Китае, возглавив «пятое поколение» руководителей (рус.) , ТАСС . Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  32. ↑ Среди китайских высокопоставленных чиновников увеличилась доля гуманитариев .
  33. ↑ Лу Чжаньгун назначен исполняющим обязанности председателя правительства провинции Фуцзянь (неопр.) . Жэньминь Жибао. Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  34. ↑ Baopu Liu . Who's Hu? — Time, 30.06.2003.
  35. ↑ Александр Чудодеев . Who есть Ху. — Итоги, 26.11.2002. — № 47 (337).
  36. ↑ Profile: Hu Jintao. — BBC News, 16.09.2004.
  37. ↑ 1 2 Clifford Coonan . Hu Jintao: The hard man. — The Independent, 16.02.2008.
  38. ↑ Hu Jintao — President of People's Republic of China, chairman of Central Military Commission. — Xinhua, 15.03.2008.
  39. ↑ Bates Gill . The Chinese Regime's Heir Apparent. — The New York Times, 29.04.2002.
  40. ↑ Си Цзиньпин избран на пост председателя ПК СНП провинции Чжэцзян Жэньминь Жибао .
  41. ↑ Си Цзиньпин — новый рулевой Китая, «принц» с антикоррупционным стажем (неопр.) . Вести. Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  42. ↑ 1 2 3 Пиковер Александр Владимирович. Китай — навстречу XVIII съезду КПК: увиденное из-за кулис (рус.) . www.ifes-ras.ru. Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  43. ↑ Александр Габуев. Выдвиженец по шанхайской линии // Газета «Коммерсантъ». — 2007-03-27. - Vol. 49 . - p . 10 .
  44. ↑ 1 2 Вечно вместе с партией (неопр.) . Эксперт. Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  45. ↑ Игра в классиков (неопр.) . Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  46. ↑ 1 2 http://media.hoover.org/documents/CLM30AM.pdf
  47. ↑ Преемника Ху Цзиньтао подвинули из Шанхая (неопр.) . Номад (30 октября 2007). Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  48. ↑ China's premier warns of 'critical period'. — The Associated Press, 05.03.2008.
  49. ↑ Rowan Callick . Xi Jinping to take over Olympics. — The Australian, 12.02.2008.
  50. ↑ Зампредседателя КНР назвал первоочередной задачей КПК в области дипломатии обеспечение мирной среды .
  51. ↑ Malcolm Moore . China's next leader Xi Jinping 'suffered heart attack'. — The Telegraph, 12.09.2012.
  52. ↑ China's Vice-President Xi Jinping in public appearance. — BBC News, 15.09.2012.
  53. ↑ Edward Wong . Ending Congress, China Presents New Leadership Headed by Xi Jinping. — The New York Times, 15.11.2012.
  54. ↑ Мария Чаплыгина . Си Цзиньпин избран председателем военного совета ЦК КПК. — РИА Новости, 15.11.2012.
  55. ↑ В Китае завершился XVIII съезд КПК: в состав ЦК вошёл Си Цзиньпин, Ху Цзиньтао вышел из комитета. — Газета. Ru, 14.11.2012
  56. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 http://ihaefe.org/files/pacific-ocean-map/33.pdf
  57. ↑ 中国梦 (кит.) . https://baike.baidu.com . 百度. Дата обращения 25 сентября 2018.
  58. ↑ Трощинский П. В. Влияние традиций на право современного Китая // Журнал российского права. — 2014. — № 8 (212). — С. 99.
  59. ↑ Си Цзиньпин назначен ядром Компартии , Независимая газета (31 октября 2016). Дата обращения 11 ноября 2016.
  60. ↑ В уставе Компартии Китая закрепили идеи Си Цзиньпина (рус.) . The appeal date is September 26, 2018.
  61. ↑ Идеология в жизни Китая. Новый разворот влево (рус.) . The appeal date is September 26, 2018.
  62. ↑ 习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想 (кит.) . The appeal date is September 26, 2018.
  63. ↑ В Китае за год привлекли к ответственности за коррупцию 620 тысяч человек .
  64. ↑ Достоевский — яркая звезда на небе русской литературы (рус.) , ИноСМИ.Ru (18 февраля 2018). The appeal date is March 6, 2018.
  65. ↑ F_100583. Интервью председателя КНР Си Цзиньпина корреспондентам СМИ стран БРИКС (неопр.) . russian.people.com.cn. The appeal date is March 6, 2018.
  66. ↑ https://m.crimea.kp.ru/daily/26597.4/3612622 (неопр.) . m.crimea.kp.ru. The appeal date is March 6, 2018.
  67. ↑ Виталий Поликарпов, Елена Поликарпова. Красный дракон. Китай между Америкой и Россией. От Мао Цзэдуна до Си Цзиньпина . - Liters, 2017-09-05. — 480 с. — ISBN 9785040644438 .
  68. ↑ Nicole Perlroth, Michael Noer . The World's Most Powerful People. — Forbes, 02.11.2011.
  69. ↑ The 2009 Time 100: Complete List. — Time, 30.04.2009.
  70. ↑ Fareed Zakaria . The 2011 Time 100: Xi Jinping. — Time, 21.04.2011.
  71. ↑ Forbes — самые влиятельные люди мира 2018 (неопр.) .
  72. ↑ Почему китайские цензоры запретили Винни-Пуха? (англ.) (17 июля 2017). The appeal date is April 15, 2019.
  73. ↑ Андрей Верещагин. Хоррор Devotion удалили из китайского Steam, а вице-премьер Тайваня запустил стрим в поддержку игры — Индустрия игр на DTF (неопр.) . DTF (25 февраля 2019). The appeal date is April 15, 2019.
  74. ↑ Elizabeth Yuan . Xi Jinping: From 'sent-down youth' to China's top , CNN (8 ноября 2012). Дата обращения 8 ноября 2012.
  75. ↑ Magnier, Mark . China's 'fifth generation' of leaders reflects nation's shifts , Los Angeles Times (23 October 2007). Дата обращения 21 декабря 2009.
  76. ↑ Партия. Тайный мир коммунистических властителей Китая. Страница 6 . Онлайн-библиотека.
  77. ↑ 1 2 3 Michael Forsythe, Shai Oster, Natasha Khan, Dune Lawrence, Amanda Bennett, Peter Hirschberg, Ben Richardson . Xi Jinping Millionaire Relations Reveal Fortunes of Elite. — Bloomberg, 29.06.2012.
  78. ↑ 习近平 彭丽媛：携手19年 家有小女习明泽(translation:Xi Jinping and Peng Liyuan: tied the knot for 19 years, had bred a daughter named Xi Mingze) (Chinese). Archived November 19, 2012.
  79. ↑ Всемирная передача власти (неопр.) . Минпром. Дата обращения 8 мая 2017.
  80. ↑ Владимир Павлов . В Китае к власти придёт семья миллионеров. — РБК-Daily, 02.07.2012.
  81. ↑ Xi Jinping Meets with International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach and Receives the Olympic Order in Gold (неопр.) . Consulate-General of the People's Republic of China in San Francisco.
  82. ↑ China's Xi receives royal welcome in Belgium before EU talks (неопр.) . EUbusiness.
  83. ↑ Xi Jinping Receives the Order of the Liberator from Venezuela (неопр.) . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China.
  84. ↑ Xi Jinping Receives Order of José Marti of Cuba (неопр.) . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China.
  85. ↑ Chinese president conferred with Nishan-e-Pakistan
  86. ↑ Xi Jinping Holds Talks with King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia Two Heads of State Jointly Announce Establishment of China-Saudi Arabia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership , Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China (20 January 2016). Дата обращения 22 августа 2016.
  87. ↑ Chinese president receives Order of Republic of Serbia (неопр.) . B92 .
  88. ↑ Лукашенко наградил Си Цзиньпина орденом «За укрепление мира и дружбы»
  89. ↑ Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 3 июля 2017 года № 294 «О награждении орденом Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного Председателя Китайской Народной Республики Си Цзиньпина»
  90. ↑ China to host peace meet on Israel, Palestinians this year (неопр.) . english.alarabiya.net .
  91. ↑ China visit: UAE leadership strikes strategic deals with Xi Jinping , The National (20 July 2018). Дата обращения 22 июля 2018.
  92. ↑ Macri reciben con honores militares a Xi Jinping en visita de estado , Prensa Latina . The appeal date is December 4, 2018.
  93. ↑ . Жээнбеков вручил Си Цзиньпину орден «Манас»
  94. ↑ Си Цзиньпин награждён высшим орденом Таджикистана

Links

  • Биография Си Цзиньпина на сайте Центрального народного правительства КНР (кит.)
  • Си Цзиньпин — статья в Лентапедии . year 2012.
  • Видеорепортаж о посещении Си Цзиньпином Владивостока
  • Политический портрет Си Цзиньпина на сайте ИТАР-ТАСС
  • Краткая биография Си Цзиньпина на сайте Великая Эпоха
  • Летопись олимпийского восхождения 7-го председателя КНР Си Цзиньпина
  • «Второй после Мао»: Си Цзиньпин вошёл в конституцию компартии Китая
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Си_Цзиньпин&oldid=101176644


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