Lucina [1] [2] , or the forest pied [3] ( Latin Hamearis lucina ) is a diurnal butterfly of the family Riodinidae .
| Lucina | ||||||||||||||
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| Hamearis lucina Linnaeus , 1758 | ||||||||||||||
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Content
Description
The wingspan of the individuals living in Russia is 14-17 mm. In the south of the range, the wingspan of males is 29–31 mm, females 31–34 mm. Wings on top of red with a dark pattern. Head with eyes covered with sparse and protruding hairs. Antennae with fusiform mace. The underside of the wings is brown, with red spots, and on the rear wings also with white. The outer edge of the wings is rounded. The central cells of the upper and lower wings are closed. Veins R1, R2 do not branch; veins of R3, R4, R5 and M1 have a common trunk. The first three veins (R1, R2, R3) go to the costal edge of the front wing, R4 goes to the top, and R5 and M1 go to the outer edge
Area
Europe , except Southern Spain, mainland Italy, Corsica, Greece, Sardinia. In the north of Europe is absent in most parts of Great Britain, in Ireland, Denmark, most parts of the territory of Scandinavia and Finland. Asia Minor , in the south of the European part of Russia, Ukraine .
Habitats
The zone of mixed forests and forest-steppe. Edges of deciduous forests, forest meadows, roadsides, scrub thickets in wet places, protective forest belts, prefers hilly terrain, calcareous soils.
Biology
It develops in one generation in the north of the range and in two in the southwest and southeast of the region. In the north-west, in Poland and Slovakia, only one generation was also detected and the years marked from the second decade of May to the second decade of June. Years of butterflies, developing in two generations, are observed in May-June and during August. Moths fly low over grass stand and have uneven and fast flight.
The female lays 1-2 eggs on the lower surface of the leaves of the forage plant. Caterpillars appear after 2 weeks. The caterpillar stage is June – August. Forage plants - primrose genus, outside the territory of Russia - Primula elatior . There is evidence of the feeding of caterpillars on sorrel. Younger caterpillars hibernate in dry, fallen leaves on the ground surface.
Strength
The number is low, with a tendency to decrease, although in some places it can be relatively high. Under favorable conditions, the number is sometimes 10–20 individuals per 1 ha. Occurs locally. There is a significant reduction in the range and total number of the species.
Security Notes
The species is listed in the Red Book of Russia (category 2 - a shrinking species.) And the Red Book of Ukraine .
Notes
- ↑ Lvovsky A. L. , Morgun D. V. Determinants on the flora and fauna of Russia. Issue 8 // The Butterfly Lepidopterans of Eastern Europe. - M .: Association of scientific publications KMK, 2007. - 443 p. - 2000 copies - ISBN 978-5-87317-362-4 .
- ↑ Mazin L.N., Sviridov A.V., Lyutsina Hamearis lucina (L.) - The Red Book of the Russian Federation (animals). M .: Astrel, 2000. with. 195 - 196.
- ↑ Striganova B. R. , Zakharov A. A. Pyatiazychny dictionary of animal names: Insects (Latin-Russian-English-German-French) /Ed. Dr. Biol. sciences, prof. B. R. Striganova . - M .: RUSSO, 2000. - p. 268. - 1060 copies. - ISBN 5-88721-162-8 .
| The Red Book of Russia population is declining | |