Ivan Ivanovich Sulima ( Ukrainian: Ivan Mikhailovich Sulima ;? - December 12, 1635 ) - Zaporizhzhya Cossack chieftain , hetman of the Zaporizhzhya army , came from the Orthodox clan in the Chernihiv region, according to other sources, most likely belonged to the Lyubetsk gentry [1] .
| Sulima Ivan Mikhailovich | |
|---|---|
| Ukrainian Ivan Mikhailovich Sulima | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | now Chernihiv region (Chernihiv region) , Chernihiv region Ukraine ) |
| Date of death | 1635 |
| Place of death | Warsaw city |
| Years of service | 1628 - 1629 , 1630 - 1635 |
| Rank | Hetman Zaporizhzhya Troops |
Hetman of the Zaporizhzhya Army in 1628 and 1635. One of Ivan's famous acts is the destruction of the Polish fortress of Kodak , with a hired German garrison built by the French engineer Boplan, on the orders of the crown hetman of Konetspolsky , and representing a significant threat to the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks.
Content
Biography
He was born in Rogoshchi of the Lubech headman, not far from Chernigov.
Ivan served as an officer (being one of the officers in 1615 [1] ) in the estates of the full crown hetman S. Zholkevsky later on to the Danilovich family (at the “voivode of the Russian” Sofia Danilovicheva (daughter of Stanislav Zholkevsky)). For this service, Zholkevsky gave Sulima, from his estates, a significant plot of land on which he subsequently settled three villages: Sulimovka , Lebedin and Kuchakov [1] . According to the order of Glogovsky, he participated in an armed attack and the ruin of the village of Trostyantsa belonging to the Kiev Desert-Nikolsky monastery. His son Fyodor was Colonel Pereyaslavsky , the second son Ivan - the main cornet.
The Sulima clan is listed in the generic book of the Poltava province of Russia.
Sagaidachny Comrade
Ivan Sulima took part in numerous campaigns of P. Sagaidachny against the Tatars and Turks. In particular, these were the well-known capture of Kafa (modern Theodosius ) - the main center of the slave trade on the Black Sea , Trapezon , Izmail , as well as two attacks on Tsaregrad .
In one of the sea voyages around 1605, Sulima was captured and the captivity of the galley rower lasted 15 years for him. Sulima knew about the release from the 26-year-old captive penal servitude of Samoila Cat and believed in his release. At the right moment, by some miracle, he freed the enslaved Christian rowers and captured the Ottoman battle galley. This happened during the Turks war with Venice. Sulema chained the Turkish crew to the oars and moored to the shores of Italy. For this feat, he received a gold medal [2] as a reward from Pope Paul V Borghese (according to some sources, this was a golden portrait of the pope).
Sulima took part in the famous battle of Khotyn . In this battle in 1621, the Polish-Cossack army stopped the 300,000th Turkish army. In the same 1621, Sulima led a detachment of Cossacks during a sea campaign of the Don Cossacks against the Turks.
Ivan Sulima in the 20-30s of the XVII century was one of the most successful leaders of Cossack sea voyages.
Destruction of the Kodak Fortress
In 1634, Ivan Sulima led the attack of the Cossacks on the Turkish city of Azov (together with the Don Cossacks ), and already in 1635 there was a famous attack on Kodak, which cost Sulima life. The Poles built the Kodak fortress to impede communication between the Zaporizhzhya Sich and the rest of Zaporozhye. The cessation of the influx of new Cossacks into the Zaporizhzhya Sich was a strategic threat for the Cossacks. The attack occurred in early August 1635, when the Polish king Wladyslaw IV with a crown army and part of the registered Cossacks was in the Baltic states, where there was a war with the Swedes.
About 800 Cossacks, led by Ivan Sulima at night, hiding behind the roar of the Kodatsky threshold, approached the moats. The scouts removed the sentries while the Kodak garrison was asleep. The moat was thrown with bundles of brushwood, they destroyed part of the stockade and burst into the fortress. The entire garrison was killed, and the commandant of the fortress, the French colonel J. Marion , was executed. The walls of the fortress and ramparts were destroyed and unearthed. This was the beginning of the uprising of Ivan Sulima .
Treason and Captivity
The destruction of Kodak caused incredible anger of the Polish authorities. The king signed peace with the Swedes and returned to Poland. A crown hetman of Konetspolsky with a significant army was sent to Ukraine to investigate the attack on the fortress. Their main task was to prevent the uprising. The Polish commissars developed a cunning plan for the capture of Sulima, which they succeeded. According to Boplan , the main role in capturing the Cossack leader was played by the registered Cossacks of the Zaporizhzhya Army , who first tricked themselves into the Sulima army, and then incited the elders to extradite the leader to the Poles, explaining this as a possible crushing defeat.
According to some historical sources, the Poles through the registrars promised the life of Sulima and his closest associates in case of voluntary surrender. Sulima believed the promises and surrendered. Five other leaders of the uprising surrendered with him [3] .
Execution in Warsaw
Sulima and other leaders were sent to Warsaw for trial, which was to carry out an emergency diet. The Polish king was inclined to have mercy on Sulim for services to the pope, but the Sejm was implacable and sentenced the Cossack leader and four of his five associates to execution. Trying to avoid punishment, Sulima wanted to adopt Catholicism (perhaps he was forced to do it), but this did not help him either - under pressure from the Turks, the Poles decided to arrange a demonstration execution. In his last wish, Sulima requested that a gold medal received from the Pope be placed in his coffin. But he was not destined to have a coffin - Sulime was cut off his head, his body was quartered and parts were hung on the city walls of Warsaw. [four]
Famous Descendants
The descendants of Ivan Sulima were the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, General Nikolai Semenovich Sulima [5] and the grandson of Nikolai Sulima the anarchist Peter Alekseevich Kropotkin .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Sulima, Ivan Mikhailovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
- ↑ Plokhy, Serhii. The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine . Oxford University Press, 2001
- ↑ Volodimir GOLOBUTSKY, BIT KOZATSTVO, KIEV - 1994
- ↑ Myroslav, Mamchak. Ivan Sulima, hetman of the Zaporizhzhya Sich . Retrieved 24 November 2006
- ↑ Russian bibliographic dictionary
Literature
- Sulima, Ivan Mikhailovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
Sources
- Sulima, Ivan Mikhailovich at the Rodovod . Tree of ancestors and descendants
- Firov P.T. Getman of the Ukrainian Cossacks. Curriculum Vitae. - Sevastopol: Publishing House of SevNTU. 2005 .-- 64 p. // BBK 63.3 (4 UKR) - F 62 - UDC 94 (477)
- Ivan Sulima / Personnel / Project "Ukrainian in Svity" (Ukrainian)