Bilbao ( Basque. Bilbo , Spanish. Bilbao ) - a city in the Basque Country , in the north of Spain , the administrative center of the province of Bizkaia [2] . The municipality is part of the Gran Bilbao district (mosquito). With a population of over 353 thousand ( 2005 data), Bilbao is the largest city in the autonomous community of the Basque Country.
| City | |||||
| Bilbao | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basque. Bilbo , Spanish Bilbao | |||||
 | |||||
| |||||
| A country |  Spain | ||||
| Autonomous community | Basque Country | ||||
| Provinces | Bizkaia | ||||
| Mosquito | Gran bilbao | ||||
| Internal division | 8 counties | ||||
| The mayor | Inaki Askuna | ||||
| History and Geography | |||||
| Based | 1300 | ||||
| Square | 41.3 km² | ||||
| NUM height | 19 m | ||||
| Timezone | UTC + 1 , in summer UTC + 2 | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | 345,821 people ( 2018 ) | ||||
| Density | 8 373 people / km² | ||||
| Katoykonim | bilbacos, bilbacos; bilbais, bilbais [1] | ||||
| Official language | Basque , Spanish | ||||
| Digital identifiers | |||||
| Telephone code | +34 94 | ||||
| Postal codes | 48001-48015 | ||||
| Car code | |||||
| Other | |||||
| Motto | La Muy Noble y Muy Leal e Invicta (The most noble, the most honest and unconquered) | ||||
| Nickname | El Botxo ("hole") | ||||
| bilbao.eus (Basque) (Spanish) (English) | |||||
![Coat of arms [d]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Escudo_her%C3%A1ldico_de_Bilbao.svg/90px-Escudo_her%C3%A1ldico_de_Bilbao.svg.png)
Geography
The city is located at the mouth of the Nervion River, its suburbs overlook the coast of the Bay of Biscay .
History
In ancient times, a fishing village was located on the site of Bilbao. On June 15, 1300, the city was founded by don , ruler of Bizkaia [3] .
Due to its favorable trade situation and urban liberties (Fueros), which Bilbao used as a Biscay city, it began to grow rapidly. Spain’s internal wars affected him little, but he suffered a lot from wars with France [4] .
In 1835, Bilbao was besieged by the Carlists , but gave them such a decisive rebuff that they had to retreat. Throughout the Carlist civil wars, Bilbao and Portugalete were the stronghold through which the British transferred assistance to the Spaniards [4] .
During the Second Carlist War (1873-1876), Bilbao, with a garrison of 4,700 people, had to withstand the attack of 20 thousand Karlist, who occupied the portugal harbor and deprived the besieged help from the sea. Don Carlos did everything possible to take the city, which was to become his residence and where he wanted to be crowned. Twice, government forces made vain attempts to storm the Carlist’s dominant position at Somororostro. Finally, after a battle of many days, General Konhe managed to circumvent the enemy’s position and force the Carlists to retreat. But even later, until the end of the war of 1876, the Carlists made several more unsuccessful attempts to take control of the city [5] [4] .
The growing importance of Bilbao led several wealthy Englishmen to the idea of building a harbor on the eastern shore of the Bilbao Bay, since the city was inaccessible to very large vessels, because even during floods the depth does not exceed 4.5 meters. Such a harbor would be of great importance for Bilbao, but the Carlist uprising (1874) prevented the implementation of this grandiose project [4] .
Modernity
On May 19, 2010, the city was awarded the Lee Kuan Yew World City Prize , an award from one of Singapore 's most popular Straitstimes newspapers . In addition to the symbolic gold medal, the city authorities received a cash prize of $ 300,000 [6] .
September 9, 2011 finished the 19th stage of the multi-day cycling race of Vuelta .
Language
In Bilbao (as in the entire Basque Country ), two official languages are in use - Spanish and Basque .
Economics
Bilbao is an important seaport and industrial center of Spain.
Transport
Since 1995, the subway has been operating in Bilbao. As of 2017, there are three metro lines. In addition to the metro, a modern tram operated by EuskoTran has been operating in the city since 2002.
Bilbao is connected to the surrounding area by a network of commuter railways.
- Three broad gauge lines owned by the Spanish State Railways ( RENFE )
- One narrow gauge line belongs to the Spanish narrow gauge railway ( FEVE )
- Three narrow gauge lines belong to the Basque railways ( EuskoTren )
City buses belong to the municipality and are called Bilbobus (they are painted red ), regional buses are known as BizkaiBus (they are painted green).
Bilbao was the first city in Spain to which, in January 2011, it was decided to use double-decker buses as urban public transport. This was due to environmental considerations: double-decker buses have greater capacity, which makes it possible to remove several conventional cars from the line and, thus, reduce energy costs and harmful exhaust emissions. The cost of one double-decker bus is 660 thousand euros, they are ordered and fully paid from the city treasury. For their introduction in Bilbao, it was necessary to amend Spanish national legislation, which allowed a maximum height of public transport of 4 meters, while according to EU standards it can be 4.2 meters [7] .
To pay for travel in public transport (metro, buses, commuter trains), a common Creditrans ticket is often used.
seaport is located 15 kilometers from the city. P&O serves the regular Bilbao - Portsmouth ferry line. The vessel operating on this line is called the Pride of Bilbao .
There is an airport in Bilbao (see Bilbao Airport ). Bilbao is currently one of the fastest growing cities in Spain.
Climate
| Climate Bilbao | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Absolute maximum, ° C | 23,4 | 26.8 | 29.8 | 33.1 | 36.0 | 41.2 | 42.0 | 41.9 | 41.7 | 33,4 | 27.6 | 24.6 | 42.0 |
| Average maximum, ° C | 13,2 | 14.5 | 15.9 | 16.8 | 20.1 | 22.6 | 25,2 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 20.8 | 16,4 | 14.0 | 19.1 |
| Average temperature, ° C | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 11.9 | 15.1 | 17.6 | 20,0 | 20.3 | 18.8 | 15.8 | 12.0 | 10.0 | 14.3 |
| Average minimum ° C | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 10.1 | 12.6 | 14.8 | 15,2 | 13,2 | 10.8 | 7.6 | 6.0 | 9,4 |
| Absolute minimum, ° C | −7.6 | −8.6 | −5 | −1.2 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 3.8 | 0.6 | −6.2 | −7.4 | −8.6 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 126 | 97 | 94 | 124 | 90 | 64 | 62 | 82 | 74 | 121 | 141 | 116 | 1195 |
| Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología [8] [9] | |||||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ Reply "Literacy.ru" (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Bilbao // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
- ↑ Bilbao story
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Bilbao // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Bilbao // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- ↑ Medalla de oro, certificado y 176.000 euros de premio. El correo
- ↑ "Double-decker buses will run in Bilbao." Newspaper "Slovo"
- ↑ Standard Climate Values. Bilbao aeropuerto
- ↑ Extreme Values. Bilbao aeropuerto
Literature
- Bilbao // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.