Phonologization ( phonematization [1] ) is a kind of diachronic divergence processes [2] [3] in the language : the process of the emergence and strengthening of a new phonological opposition by transforming positionally determined allophones into independent phonemes [4] . In this case, allophones come out of the state of additional distribution , that is, they begin to meet in the same position.
An example is the phonologization of the opposition / k /: / č / in Slavic languages . After the first palatalization, these sounds remained positional variants ( [k] met in front of the vowels of the back , [č] - of the front row ). However, after the transition * ē> ā ( * krīkētī> krīčātī , Russian shout ), the position in front of / a / became strong and / k / and / č / became independent phonemes [4] .
Phonologization is opposed to dephonologization — the loss of phonological opposition, as well as transphonologization — the change of a differential feature distinguishing phonemes [4] .
Sources
Sources of phonologization can be [4] :
- convergence with an allophone of another phoneme (for example, in the history of the Russian language the opposition / k /: / č / was strengthened by the convergence of [č] as a result of the first palatalization and [č] as a result of iotation * t + j> č );
- morphonologization - the consolidation of a new phoneme for one or another morphological position;
- borrowing significant units containing a new phoneme.
Notes
- ↑ Akhmanova O.S. Phonologization // Dictionary of linguistic terms. - Ed. 4th, stereotypical. - M .: KomKniga, 2007 .-- 576 p. - 2500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-484-00932-9 .
- ↑ Divergence (in linguistics) - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ Divergence // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V. N. Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Phonologization // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Editor-in-chief V.N.Yartseva . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2 .