In Turkey, religion is legally separated from the state and freedom of religion is guaranteed to every citizen of the country.
[3] Turkey is the second (after Azerbaijan) country in the world where the Muslim religion was separated from the state. This happened in 1928 and thanks to the reforms of Kemal Ataturk , the principle of secularism was introduced into the Constitution . [4] After the coup of 1980, the strategy of “Turkish Islamic synthesis” was adopted, when the government began to rely more on religious institutions. [five]
Content
Islam
Most of the country's population professes Sunni Islam. There are a large number of mosques - 84657.
With the advent of the “ Justice and Development Party ” in 2002, Islamization has significantly increased in the country, which has been going on since the 70s. [6] However, according to a Turkish study on the “Social Structure and Religion in Turkey” conducted in 2008-2011, only 10% want to live according to Sharia , 80% are negative, 10% found it difficult to answer. [7]
Christianity
Before the genocide of Armenians , Greeks and Assyrians in Turkey, the Patriarchate of Constantinople had 2,549 religious sites, including more than 200 monasteries and 1,600 churches. A large number of architectural monuments were destroyed or converted into mosques and caravanserais after the expulsion of the Pontians and Armenians from the lands on which they lived for more than 2.5 thousand years. Only in the 1960s did scientists raise the issue of registering and saving monuments of spiritual heritage. In 1974, scientists identified the 913 remaining Orthodox churches and monasteries in Turkey in various conditions. More than half of the buildings from these monuments have not been preserved to our days, of those that remained, 252 were destroyed and only 197 are in more or less suitable condition [8]
In Turkey, 321 communities of various Christian churches are registered. Christian communities include 90 parishes of the Patriarchate of Constantinople of the Orthodox Greeks (75 in Istanbul, 8 in Gokchead Island, 6 in Hatay Ile, 1 in Bozcaada Island), 55 Armenian-Gregorian communities (45 in Istanbul, 7 in Khatai and 1 each - in the cities of Mardin, Diyarbakir, Kayseri), 60 communities of Assyrians-Nestorians, Orthodox Bulgarians, Arabs and Armenian Catholics, 52 communities of various Protestant trends.
As of 2012, there were about 2,204 Jehovah's Witnesses in Turkey, united in 28 congregations. The evening of Memories was attended by 4,102 people.
The Orthodox Church, like other religions, has an equal status. In Turkey, there is the spiritual and administrative center of the first honored local Orthodox church - the Patriarchate of Constantinople , the residence of the primate of which is the Ecumenical Patriarch - is located in Istanbul. Many Orthodox parishes of Turkey and some neighboring countries are subordinate to the Patriarchate.
Judaism
36 Jewish synagogues are registered in Turkey - in Istanbul, Adan, Ankara, Izmir, Canakkale, Khatai, Bursa, Kirklareli, three more synagogues are registered, but are not yet operational.
Yezidis
Some Kurds in the east of the country profess a syncretic religion and are called Yezidi Kurds.
See also
- Turkey
- Turkey population
- Turkish culture
Notes
- ↑ KONDA Research and Consultancy. Religion, Secularism and the Veil in daily life (PDF). Milliyet (June 25, 2011). Date of treatment November 9, 2018. Archived March 25, 2009.
- ↑ Turkey International Religious Freedom Report 2008 US Department of State
- ↑ KONDA Research and Consultancy. Religion, Secularism and the Veil in daily life (PDF). Milliyet (September 8, 2007). Date of treatment November 9, 2018. Archived on October 28, 2008.
- ↑ Religion and Politics in Turkey (Neopr.) . turkishnews.ru. Date of treatment November 13, 2012. Archived December 4, 2012.
- ↑ Musuralieva Aizhan. Two banks of the same river: Secularism and Islam in Turkey . East Time (04/12/2011). Date of treatment November 13, 2012. Archived November 21, 2012.
- ↑ Pavel Shlykov, Alexey Malashenko. Anti-Cemalist Revolution: Where is Turkey Going? . Carnegie Moscow Center (September 22, 2011). Date of treatment November 13, 2012. Archived November 21, 2012.
- ↑ ERDAL DOĞAN. Türkiye'nin dindarlığı bu kitapta ( tur .) (Link not available) . BUGÜN GAZETESİ (09 Ekim 2012). Date of treatment November 13, 2012. Archived November 21, 2012.
- ↑ Robert Bevan “The Destruction of Memory” pages 52-59. 2006, 240 pages ISBN 1-86189-205-5