The bathhouse is Asian , or the light is Asian [2] ( lat. Trollius asiaticus ) - a herbaceous perennial plant of the genus Swimsuit of the family Ranunculaceae ( Ranunculaceae ). In the literature of the 20th century, the Asian trollius was not distinguished from the trollius Kytmanov ( lat. Trollius kytmanovii ), therefore, information about these plants is often confused [3] .
| Asian swimsuit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Trollius asiaticus L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Trollius kytmanovii Reverd. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Distribution
It is found in Western Siberia ( Tyumen , Omsk , Tomsk , Novosibirsk , Kemerovo regions ), in Central Siberia ( Krasnoyarsk Territory , the Republic of Khakassia , the Republic of Tyva ), in Eastern Siberia ( Irkutsk Region , Buryatia ), in Altai (all of Altai Mountains), Mongolia [4] .
It grows in moist meadows, forest glades, in forests, enters the highlands, rising to the alpine zone, and in the north penetrates the tundra .
Botanical Description
The root consists of numerous cord-shaped urine.
The stem is smooth, erect, single, simple or branched 10―80 cm tall.
Basal leaves on long petioles , their plates in outline are pentagonal, cut to the base into 5 rhombic segments, deeply incised into unequal segments. Stem leaves, including 1–5, lower petiolar, upper sessile, with plates similar to basal, but smaller upward.
The flowers are large, up to 5 cm in diameter. Sepals orange-red, 10–20 in number, broadly elliptical or obovate. Petals 2-3 times longer than stamens and equal to sepals, orange-red, gradually extended from the base upward and pointed at the apex. It blooms in the second half of May - in June. Small beetles , flies , bees pollinating a flower fly over nectar .
The fruit of numerous leaflets 10-11 mm long, with a short (0.5-1 mm) nose, bent inward at the base. Seeds ripen in late June - early July.
Chemical Composition
Grass, leaves and flowers contain alkaloids , flavonoids , coumarins and vitamins , as well as trace elements ( manganese , iron , calcium , and others). The roots contain the alkaloid magnovlorin. The seeds contain fatty oil [5] .
Medical Use
In official medicine, an Asian swimsuit is not used. In folk medicine it is used as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-zingotic agent. [3] In Western Siberia, an Asian trollius is used as a choleretic for liver diseases and as a remedy for edema. Tincture of the herb causes the expansion of blood vessels of the liver, reduces the tone of smooth muscles of the intestines and gall bladder [6] .
In Tibetan medicine, flowers are used to reduce vision, and leaves and flowers in a decoction for abdominal pain.
In Mongolian medicine, flowers are used for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and blood diseases; an Asian trollius is prescribed as a tonic for debilitated patients.
In Altai, an aqueous infusion of grass of an Asian swimsuit is used as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-scurvy agent, and in the form of poultices - from bruises [5] .
Threats and protection
In Altai, it has a fairly wide range and is sometimes quite abundant, but quickly disappears near large settlements. A reduction in the number of populations is caused by mass tearing out into bouquets, digging out with the aim of transferring them to private household plots. The species is included in the Red Books of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug , the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) , Omsk Oblast , and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra .
Interesting Facts
- In some areas of Siberia (for example, in the Irkutsk region , Krasnoyarsk Territory ) this plant is known as “fry” (rarely used in the singular), in the Kemerovo , Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions under the name “light” [7] [8] .
An Asian swimsuit is called 《Troll Flower》.
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ ' Trollius asiaticus' : information on the taxon in the Plantarium project (identifier of plants and illustrated atlas of species).
- ↑ 1 2 Telyatiev V.V. Healing treasures. - East Sib.kn. from - Irkutsk, 1991.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Ornamental Garden Plants: Trollius (Retrieved November 2, 2009)
- ↑ 1 2 Nikiforov Yu.V. Altai herbs-healers. - Gorno-Altaisk: Yuch-Sumer - Belukha, 1992. (Retrieved November 2, 2009)
- ↑ Surin, 1974
- ↑ Nature of Siberia: Flowers of Siberia: Lights
- ↑ Asian leotard, “lights”, “frying”. Roots and seeds by mail in Russia.
Literature
- Nikiforov Yu.V. Altai herbs-healers. - Gorno-Altaisk: Yuch-Sumer - Belukha, 1992.
Links
- ' Trollius asiaticus' : information on the taxon in the Plantarium project (identifier of plants and illustrated atlas of species).
- Encyclopedia of Ornamental Garden Plants: Swimsuit
- Altai Territory: Asian swimsuit