Kaufman, Konstantin Petrovich von

Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman
Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman
Date of Birth
Place of Birth	Deblin
Date of death
Place of death	Tashkent , Sirdaryo region
Type of army
Years of service	1844-1882
Rank	general engineer
Commanded	Lithuanian Governor-General , ; Vilna Military District , ; Turkestan Governor-General , ; Turkestan Military District
Battles / Wars	Caucasian war; Crimean War : Caucasian campaign; The Siege of Kars (1855); Turkestan hikes : Khiva campaign (1873); Kokand campaign (1875–1876);

Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman ( February 19 [ March 3 ] 1818 , Demblin - 4 [16] May 1882 , Tashkent ) - Russian military leader, engineer-general (1874), Adjutant General (1864), who led the conquest and colonization of the Central Asian regions . In 1865–1867, the governor-general of the North-Western Territory , where he imposed a ban on the Lithuanian Latin alphabet . From 1867 - Governor-General of Turkestan , Commander of the Turkestan Military District . Over the years, the Kokand Khanate was annexed to the Russian Empire , and a Russian protectorate was established over the Khiva Khanate and the Bukhara emirate .

Biography

The representative of the Russian branch of the Austrian kind of Kaufman , the son of General Peter Fedorovich . The younger brother Mikhail Kaufman is a general of engineering troops .

He graduated from the College of Engineering . From 1844 he served with distinction in the Caucasus . In the Crimean War , commanding the Caucasian Sapper Battalion, he participated in the taxation and assault of Kars and on the instructions of General Muravyov signed an agreement on the surrender of this fortress with the British Commissioner Williams .

In 1861 he was appointed director of the Office of the War Ministry . A lot of work fell to Kaufman here, since at that time the question of introducing a military district system in the Russian Empire was being worked out; at the same time, he participated in various committees on the transformation of the entire military organization that took place then.

In 1865 he was appointed Governor-General of the North-Western Territory and Commander of the Vilna Military District , where, after suppressing the national liberation uprising of 1863, he banned the Latin alphabet within the framework of the state policy of Russification of the region.

In July 1867 he was appointed commander of the Turkestan Military District , where his activities, in addition to the multiple defeats inflicted by Bukharians , Khivaites and Kokands , were marked by the capture of Samarkand (1868) and the conquest of Khiva (1873) . For his actions he was awarded the Order of St. George of the 2nd degree and in 1874 promoted to engineer-generals . He was elected an honorary member of Moscow University (1870) ^[1] and the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1873).

In 1875, he conquered the Kokand Khanate , from which the Fergana region was formed.

In the Turkestan Governor-General in Tashkent, he created the City Duma ^[2] and organized the Public Library (now the National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi ) ^[3] .

Died May 4 (16), 1882. He was buried in Tashkent Square, which later became known as the Kaufman Square ^[4] . Subsequently, after the construction of the Military Cathedral in Tashkent in 1889, on the seventh anniversary of the death, the remains of Kaufman were reburied in the right side wall of the southern wall of the Cathedral.

Family

Monument to K.P. Kaufman in Tashkent (1913)

He was married to the daughter of Admiral M. B. Berkh, Julia Moritzovna, they had a son, Mikhail, and a daughter, Elena, who married Peter Alekseevich Kharitonov .

According to family tradition, the writer Vsevolod Ivanov was descended from the illegitimate son of General Kaufman ^[5] .

Awards

Order of St. Anne 3rd century. with a bow (1845);
Order of St. George 4th century (1848);
Order of St. Anne 2nd century. (1849);
Golden Saber "For Bravery" (1853);
The insignia "For XV years of immaculate service" (1856);
Order of St. Vladimir 3rd century. with swords (1856);
The insignia "For XX years of blameless service" (1860);
Order of St. Stanislav 1st degree (1860);
Order of St. Anne 1st st. with swords over the order (1861);
Order of St. Vladimir 2nd century with swords over the order (1866);
Order of St. George 3rd st. (1868);
Order of the White Eagle with swords (1868);
Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (1870);
Diamond signs to the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (1872);
Order of St. George, 2nd century (1873);
Golden sword "For courage" with diamonds and an inscription on the hilt "For the defeat of Kokand on August 22, 1875" (1875);
Order of St. Vladimir, 1st century (1878);
Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First Called .

Foreign:

Prussian Order of the Red Eagle 1st st. with swords (1874) ^[6] .

Memory

The first burial site of Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman

In 1878, the City Duma awarded Kaufman the title of “first citizen of the city of Tashkent”.

The mountain peak, 7134 meters high, discovered in 1868 by the Russian traveler Alexei Fedchenko in the Pamirs, was named in 1871 in honor of Konstantin Petrovich Kaufman, Kaufman Peak . In 1928, it was renamed Lenin Peak , and in July 2006, it received a new name in Tajikistan - the peak named after Abu Ali ibn Sina .

A series of plant species was given the name of Konstantin Petrovich Kaufman ^[7] :
- Gentiana kaufmanniana Regel & Schmalh. - Gentian Kaufman
- Eremostachys kaufmanniana Regel - Kaufman Desert Mouth
- Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel - Kaufman's Tulip
- Statice kaufmanniana Regel - Statice Kaufman
- Primula kaufmanniana Regel - Primrose Kaufman
In 1910, a collection of journalistic and historical works, the Kaufman Collection , was published in memory of 25 years, since the day Kaufman died.

Notes

↑ Chronicle of Moscow University
↑ Tashkent city council was the beginning of the century (XX) century, the only city council for the whole empire, which was formed and acted on the basis of the liberal “city status” of 1870, while other local governments relied on the “city situation” of 1890.
↑ Michael Knizhnik. "Tashkent. Square.
И. In the book by I. Dobrosmyslov, “Tashkent in the Past and the Present” (Tashkent, 1912), p. 192, the following is written: “The first grave of KP von Kaufman was between four karagaches (elm trees) and rose bushes jasmine. In 1889, after the construction of the military cathedral, on May 4, the remains of Konstantin Petrovich were solemnly transferred to the cathedral, and on the site of the temporary grave it was proposed to erect a monument to him in the form of his bust, but this proposal was not carried out. The place of the former grave was decorated and put in order, for which 5300 rubles were collected by subscription. of which 312 rubles. in 1893 transferred to the city government. The place is surrounded by an iron grille on a high base with triple lanterns in the corners. In the middle of the fence there is a quadrangular elevation of cannon shells, on which three cannons intersecting at the top, on which lies a large cannon topped with a cross, muzzle down, and in the intervals between the guns, two St. Petersburg flags are hoisted and shields with appropriate inscriptions are mounted. ”
Новое New Time Magazine No. 16 (244) of May 14, 2012 // Evgenia Albats “If they get scared, they will start doing irreversible things” (interview with Vyacheslav Ivanov)
↑ List of senior generals on March 1, 1882, St. Petersburg 1882.
↑ Plant list on IPNI site

Literature

Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman // Siberian Trade and Industry Yearbook 1913. Edition D. R. Jung. Typography "Our Century." St. Petersburg. 1912
Von Kaufman 1. Konstantin Petrovich // List of generals by seniority . Corrected on November 1, 1881. - SPb. : Military Printing House, 1881. - p. 90-91.
MacKenzi D. Kaufman of Turkestan: An Assessment of His Administration // Slavic Review. 1967. No. 26.

Links

Kaufman, Konstantin Petrovich von // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufman profile on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Shoshana Keller To Moscow, Not Mecca: The Soviet Campaign Against Islam in Central Asia, 1917–1941 Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001 ISBN 0-27-597238-0 (eng.) .

[1] Chronicle of Moscow University

[2] Tashkent city council was the beginning of the century (XX) century, the only city council for the whole empire, which was formed and acted on the basis of the liberal “city status” of 1870, while other local governments relied on the “city situation” of 1890.

[3] Michael Knizhnik. "Tashkent. Square.

[4] И. In the book by I. Dobrosmyslov, “Tashkent in the Past and the Present” (Tashkent, 1912), p. 192, the following is written: “The first grave of KP von Kaufman was between four karagaches (elm trees) and rose bushes jasmine. In 1889, after the construction of the military cathedral, on May 4, the remains of Konstantin Petrovich were solemnly transferred to the cathedral, and on the site of the temporary grave it was proposed to erect a monument to him in the form of his bust, but this proposal was not carried out. The place of the former grave was decorated and put in order, for which 5300 rubles were collected by subscription. of which 312 rubles. in 1893 transferred to the city government. The place is surrounded by an iron grille on a high base with triple lanterns in the corners. In the middle of the fence there is a quadrangular elevation of cannon shells, on which three cannons intersecting at the top, on which lies a large cannon topped with a cross, muzzle down, and in the intervals between the guns, two St. Petersburg flags are hoisted and shields with appropriate inscriptions are mounted. ”

[5] Новое New Time Magazine No. 16 (244) of May 14, 2012 // Evgenia Albats “If they get scared, they will start doing irreversible things” (interview with Vyacheslav Ivanov)

[6] List of senior generals on March 1, 1882, St. Petersburg 1882.

[7] Plant list on IPNI site