The La Spezia-Rimini line (also the Isogloss La Spezia - Rimini or La Spezia - Rimini ) is an important isogloss of Old Romania . It divides the West-Roman area into two unequal parts: north-western ( Spanish , Portuguese , French , Occitan and North Italian ) and south-eastern ( Central Italian and dialects, and South Italian and dialects, including literary Italian ). Isolated geographically eastern Romance languages adjoin the southeastern range in a number of ways, although they have no common borders with it.
Features
This isogloss primarily affects the features of the formation of the plural in Romance languages . To the northwest of the line, the plural of nouns and adjectives has been vulgarized and spontaneously formed on the basis of the Latin accusative case ending in -s. (c) In the southeast, the classical Latin vocalistic outcome on -i is preserved. (i) or another vowel.
- Wed: Spanish los lobos, but um. i lupi "wolves"
On the other hand, the northwestern range retained the classical Latin -s (apparently influenced by the increasing frequency of the innovative phoneme -s in nouns and adjectives) in the second person of the present tense of verb conjugations. In the southeast, on the contrary, the form was vulgarized in -i (and thus also coincided with the frequency -i plural of masculine nouns).
- Wed Spanish cantas, but it. canti "sing"
In phonetics in general, northwestern languages are more prone to changing inter-vocal consonants ( voicing followed by leniency and dropping out, stunning final consonants and reducing and dropping out unstressed syllables , nasalization of vowels in languages with strong Celtic substratum ( Portuguese and French )). But in phonetics, due to the extremely diverse set of substrate-superstrate influences, this isogloss has many exceptions (both in the west and in the east). Therefore, she was criticized more than once. Many linguists were also prone to conducting isoglosses 40 km south of the La Spezia-Rimini line, along the refined Massa-Senigallia line .
Timeline
In its classic geographic version (La Spezia-Rimini), isogloss formed during the late Antiquity - the early Middle Ages and existed until the end of the 19th century, when Italy was unified . An important role in the formation of isoglosses was played by the internal social changes that the dying Western Roman Empire was undergoing. The main economic and cultural center of the late empire moved north ( Roman Gaul , the Falls ), which had strong Celtic, and later Germanic, influences. In addition, in the last 70 years of its existence, the role of empire capitals was played by the northern cities of Milan and Ravenna , and not Rome , that is, the dialect base of the capital's speech changed and the offensive of the northern dialects began on the south.
After the unification of Italy, Mediterranean dialects, including the Tuscan language , which formed the basis of literary Italian, began their offensive from south to north, supported by the media, the state and the educational system. The first, even in the late Middle Ages, the north-western features lost the dialects of Liguria. The spread of standard Italian led to a gradual internal collapse of the North Italian languages and dialects, Gallo-Roman in their characteristics. Currently, the isoglosses of the La Spezia-Rimini line are actually the state border between Italy and France.
See also
- Rome Ancona Line
- Zhore line
- Classification of Romance Languages