Gummastic , or gummastic tire [1] - a tire in which elastic substance performs depreciation and damping of road irregularities [1] [2] [3] [d 1] . Widely used in military equipment in the first half of the 20th century , gusmatics are now practically obsolete [1] and are used only on a limited number of special ( construction , etc.) vehicles.
History
Gusmatiks, which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, got their name from the eponymous mixture invented by the Petrograd chemist A. Huss and began to be used as a filler for tires of armored cars during the First World War [4] .
In the interwar period and during the Second World War, gusmatiki were widely used on wheeled armored vehicles and towed artillery guns , however, in the postwar period, due to the increase in the speed of military equipment (including the speed of towing guns) and the beginning of the wide spread of tires with adjustable pressure , they quickly became go out of use [1] .
Design Description
Gummatik is a rubber shell, the internal volume of which is filled with a special elastic mass, the basis of which, as a rule, is glycerin and gelatin - the so-called gummatical composition [1] [2] [3] . Subsequently, sponge rubber was actually used as a filler, made in the form of a separate product inserted into the serial bus instead of the camera - while maintaining the name “gusmatik”.
The main advantage of gusmatiks is invulnerability for punctures, as well as bullet, fragmentation and other similar injuries.
In the final documents of the Soviet command, it was noted that ...
3. Shotgun and machine gun fire for gusmatik does no harm. The hit of a whole 37-mm shell does not disable the gussmat, but makes a neat hole and the machine continues to work ...
- Armored cars in battles, Chapter III. Service and combat use of pre-war armored vehicles , M. V. Kolomiyets, Armor on wheels. The history of the Soviet armored car 1925 - 1945. - M .: Yauza, KM Strategy, Eksmo, 2007 .-- 384 p. - (Soviet tanks). The circulation is 6,000 copies, isbn 978–5–699–21870–7.
The main disadvantage of this type of tire is less elasticity compared to a traditional pneumatic tire, which significantly limits the permissible vehicle speeds and, as a result, the field of application of the tires [1] [2] [3] - tires GK (with sponge chamber) for large speeds quickly heat up, and inside the tire gas emission begins, which can cause spontaneous combustion of tires or even their rupture [5] .
Modern analogues
Currently, new, more effective analogues of gusmatiks are being developed, in the construction of which a similar principle has been applied. In them, instead of an elastic mass, highly elastic cellular structures located between a stiffer and stronger solid cast tire and a rim are used for damping [6] [7] .
See also
- Tire service
Notes
Footnotes
- ↑ Nowadays, in a broader sense, some highly elastic solid tires are also sometimes called gusmatiks.
Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Civil War in the USA - Yokota / [under the total. ed. N.V. Ogarkova ]. - M .: Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR , 1979. - P. 78. - ( Soviet Military Encyclopedia : [in 8 vols.]; 1976-1980, vol. 3).
- ↑ 1 2 3 Gusmatik // Dictionary of military terms / Comp. A. M. Plekhov, ed. S. G. Shapkin. - M .: Military Publishing , 1989 .-- S. 78 .-- 335 p. - 65,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00175-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Gusmatik // Military Encyclopedic Dictionary / Prev. Ch. ed. Commission S.F. Akhromeev , and. about. chapters. ed. S. G. Shapkin. - 2nd ed. - M .: Military Publishing , 1986. - S. 219. - 863 p. - 150,000 copies.
- ↑ Roman Moskvitin. They saw Lenin. All about the cars of the leader of the October Revolution . Motor.ru (April 10, 2012). Date of treatment August 4, 2012. Archived on August 18, 2012.
- ↑ Yurin Ya. T. Fundamentals of the device and operation of the material part of artillery / Golovko E.P. - L .: Military artillery command academy, 1956. - P. 206-207. - 240 p. Archived March 4, 2016 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ Alexei Kosarev. Polymer tires were reinvented for urban warfare . Membrana (August 13, 2008). Date of treatment August 4, 2012. Archived on August 18, 2012.
- ↑ Igor Kuzmin. Airless NPT tires are not a hindrance to either a bullet or a mine . 3DNews (September 1, 2008). Date of treatment August 4, 2012.
Literature
- US Civil War - Yokota / [under the total. ed. N.V. Ogarkova ]. - M .: Military Publishing House of the USSR Defense Ministry , 1979. - 678 p. - ( Soviet military encyclopedia : [in 8 vols.]; 1976-1980, vol. 3).
- Military Encyclopedic Dictionary / Prev. Ch. ed. Commission S.F. Akhromeev , and. about. chapters. ed. S. G. Shapkin. - 2nd ed. - M .: Military Publishing , 1986.- 863 p. - 150,000 copies.
- Dictionary of Military Terms / Comp. A. M. Plekhov, ed. S. G. Shapkin. - M .: Military Publishing , 1989 .-- 335 p. - 65,000 copies. - ISBN 5-203-00175-8 .
- M.V. Kolomiets, Armor on wheels. The history of the Soviet armored car 1925 - 1945. - M .: Yauza, KM Strategy, Eksmo, 2007 .-- 384 p. - (Soviet tanks). The circulation is 6,000 copies, isbn 978–5–699–21870–7.