Mechanoreceptors are the ends of sensitive nerve fibers that respond to mechanical pressure or other mechanical influences: both acting from the outside ( tactile receptors ) and those that arise in the internal organs ( kinesthetic receptors ) [1] .
Content
Types of mechanoreceptors
Tactile mechanoreceptors - receptors concentrated in the outer integument of animals and humans; perceive touching the skin , pressure on it, stretching the skin [2] . In humans, there are three main types of such receptors: Meissner bodies (only on smooth, that is, hairless skin), Merkel bodies (or Merkel discs ) and Ruffini bodies (or Ruffini ends ) [3] [4] .
Baroreceptors - receptors located in the walls of blood vessels, heart, hollow smooth muscle organs, as well as in the subcutaneous layer; they respond to stretching due to increased blood pressure, accumulation of gases in the stomach or intestines, etc. The main type of such receptors is Pacini bodies [3] .
Proprioreceptors - receptors concentrated in the musculo-articular apparatus; respond to stretching when contracting or relaxing skeletal muscles . Their most important groups are muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs [5] .
Vestibuloreceptors (or mechanoreceptors of the vestibular apparatus ) are receptors that respond to translational and rotational movements of the head [6] .
Application in technology
At present, the study of the principles of the design and operation of mechanoreceptors available in various groups of animals plays - in accordance with the principles of bionics - a very important role in the development of [7] .
Notes
- ↑ Vorotnikov, 2005 , p. 22, 28.
- ↑ Bykov, 2001 , p. 70.
- ↑ 1 2 The Major Classes of Somatic Sensory Receptors
- ↑ Vorotnikov, 2005 , p. 28.
- ↑ Vorotnikov, 2005 , p. 23.
- ↑ Vorotnikov, 2005 , p. 24.
- ↑ Vorotnikov, 2005 , p. 9, 19.
Literature
- Bykov V. L. Private histology of man. - SPb. : Sotis, 2001 .-- 304 p. - ISBN 5-85503-116-0 . .
- Vorotnikov S. A. Information devices of robotic systems. - M .: Publishing House of MSTU. N.E. Bauman, 2005 .-- 384 p. - ISBN 5-7038-2207-6 . .