The battle genre (from French bataille - battle) is a genre of fine art devoted to the themes of war and military life. The main place in the battle genre is occupied by scenes of land, sea battles and military campaigns. The artist seeks to capture a particularly important or characteristic moment of the battle, to show the heroism of the war, and often to reveal the historical meaning of military events, which brings the battle genre closer to the historical one. And the scenes of military life (in campaigns, barracks, camps) often connect it with the everyday genre .
Content
- 1 History of the development of the genre
- 2 Famous battle painters
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
History of the development of the genre
The formation of the battle genre began in the 16th century, but the images of battles have been known in art since ancient times. The reliefs of the Ancient East represent the king or commander, exterminating enemies, the siege of cities, processions of soldiers. In the painting of ancient Greek vases , on the reliefs of temples, the military prowess of mythical heroes is sung. Reliefs on the ancient Roman triumphal arches - conquests and victories of emperors . In the Middle Ages, battles were depicted on carpets and tapestries , in book miniatures , sometimes on icons (like scenes of the heroic deeds of a saint ).
The Renaissance era in Italy includes the first experiments of realistic depiction of battles. Gradually, the official battles are replaced by images of real military episodes. In Russia, the active development of the battle genre begins in the XVIII century - since the victories of Peter I and his generals. The Russian battle genre is imbued with a special spirit of patriotism , seeks to express admiration for the heroism and courage of soldiers. This tradition was also preserved by the battle-painters of the 20th century. In the XX century, the battle genre is defined by two traditions. The glorification of fascism and the dominance of the ideas of militarism, respectively. At that time, many artists opposed violence and war openly. One of the symbols of those events was the painting by P. Picasso "Guernica" painted by him in 1937. [1] The battle genre experienced a new upsurge during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war years - in posters and “ TASS Windows ”, front-line graphics, paintings, and later in monumental sculpture .
Famous battle artists
- Sauerweid, Alexander Ivanovich (1782-1844) - Russian painter, professor of battle painting.
- Hess, Peter von (1792-1871) - German painter and graphic artist.
- Ladurner, Adolf Ignatievich (1798-1855) - Russian painter, professor at the Academy of Fine Arts .
- Ebens, Adolph (1819-1888) - German painter.
- Kossak, Juliusz (1824-1899) - Polish schedule.
- Villevalde, Bogdan Pavlovich (1818-1903) - Russian painter, professor of battle painting.
- Neville, Alphonse (1836–1885) - French painter.
- Dmitriev-Orenburg, Nikolai Dmitrievich (1837-1898) - Russian painter.
- Vereshchagin, Vasily Vasilievich (1842-1904) - Russian painter.
- Karazin, Nikolai Nikolaevich (1842-1908) - Russian painter, illustrator and writer.
- Roubaud, Franz Alekseevich (1856-1928) - Russian panorama painter, professor of battle painting.
- Kossak, Wojciech (1857-1942) - Polish painter.
- Samokish, Nikolai Semenovich (1860-1944) - Russian painter, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
- Sommer, Richard-Karl Karlovich (1866-1939) - Russian painter and graphic artist.
- Mazurovsky, Victor Vikentievich (1859-1944) - Russian painter.
- Vladimirov, Ivan Alekseevich (1870-1947) - Russian painter and graphic artist, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
- Avilov, Mikhail Ivanovich (1881-1954) - Russian painter and graphic artist, People's Artist of the RSFSR.
- Grekov, Mitrofan Borisovich (1882-1934) - Russian painter, founder of the studio of battle painting.
- Frents, Rudolf Rudolfovich (1888-1956) - Russian painter, graphic artist and teacher, head of the LIPSA battle workshop named after I. Repin (1934-1956).
- Sokolov, Anatoly Alexandrovich (1891-1971) - Russian painter.
- Maltsev, Peter Tarasovich (1907-1993) - Russian painter, people's artist of the USSR.
- Krivonogov, Peter Alexandrovich (1911-1967) - Russian painter, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
- Petrov, Ivan Semenovich (artist) (1924-1990) - artist, graphic artist, Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR .
Notes
- ↑ F. S. Kapitsa. History of world culture. - Publishing house AST, 2010 .-- 730 p. - ISBN 978-5-17-064681-4 .
Literature
- Battle painting // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.