Ivy , vilitsa [3] ( lat. Hédera ) - a genus of plants of the Araliaceae family .
| Ivy | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Common ivy is a type species of the genus. Plants on tree trunks in a forest in Germany | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| International scientific name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hedera L. (1753) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Hedera helix L. - Common ivy [2] | |||||||||||||||||||||
Content
- 1 Name
- 2 Botanical Description
- 3 Distribution and ecology
- 4 Meaning and application
- 5 Security status
- 6 Taxonomy
- 7 notes
- 8 Literature
- 9 References
Title
The generic scientific name - Hedera - is borrowed by Linnaeus [4] from the ancient Romans . [5]
Max Fasmer in the Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language indicates that the word ivy is usually compared to spit , spitting due to the unpleasant taste of the plant. At the same time, he cites the opinion of Specht , who compares ivy with Latvian. plauskas - dandruff , serbochor. pusk - rash , lit. plùskos - shreds of hair , dialect Norwegian. flus, flusk, flustr - splinter, dandruff . Agrell 's opinion on the origin of the word from other ind. pucchás, -ám - tail, rod Fasmer considers unreliable. [6]
Botanical Description
These are creeping shrubs clinging with their subordinate roots to walls, tree trunks, etc.
The stems carry dense leaves of two genera: on non-flowering branches - dark green, angularly lobed, and on flowering branches - light green, whole, lanceolate , oblong or ovate. There are no stipules .
Relatively small flowers are collected at the top of the branches in shields , heads or brushes . The flower either does not have a bract or with a very small bract. Calyx barely developed, integral or five-toothed; the corolla is five - petalled, with a folding bud; five stamens , pistil with lower, lower, lower or upper five- ovary ovary , with a short column surrounded by a fleshy disc at the base.
Fruit - black or yellow berry about three, four, five seeds; a seed with an elongated embryo in a wrinkled-folded protein.
Distribution and Ecology
Ivy is found in countries with a mild climate in the Northern Hemisphere and in Australia .
Meaning and Application
In culture, there are many varieties of the type species and several varieties of the second and third species. Ivy loves shady places and low temperatures.
He was known in antiquity; among the Greeks, he served as the emblem of fun and love and was considered a plant of Bacchus ; at celebrations and feasts, poets decorated their heads with a wreath of ivy.
Ivy is considered a medicinal plant (see article: Ivy leaf extract ).
Guard Status
Ivy Pastukhov ( Hedera pastuchowii Woron. ) Is protected, listed in the Red Book of Russia .
Taxonomy
Genus Ivy includes 16 species [7] :
- Hedera algeriensis hibberd
- Hedera azorica carrière
- Hedera canariensis Willd. - Canary ivy growing in North Africa , on the Canary Islands , in Portugal , Ireland
- Hedera caucasigena Pojark.
- Hedera colchica ( K.Koch ) K.Koch - Colchis ivy growing in the Caucasus, in the Himalayas , in Japan
- Hedera cypria McAll.
- Hedera helix L. - Common ivy typus [2] , growing in Western Europe and Western Russia, in the Crimea , in the Caucasus .
- Hedera hibernica ( G.Kirchn. ) Carrière
- Hedera iberica ( McAll. ) Ackerf. & J.Wen
- Hedera maderensis K. Koch ex A. Rutherf.
- Hedera maroccana McAll.
- Hedera nepalensis K.Koch
- Hedera pastuchovii Woronow - Pastukhov Ivy
- Hedera rhombea Siebold & Zucc. ex bean
- Hedera sinensis ( Tobler ) Hand.-Mazz.
- Hedera taurica ( Hibberd ) Carrière - Crimean ivy
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 NCU-3e. Names in current use for extant plant genera. Electronic version 1.0. Entry for Hedera L. (English) (Retrieved October 24, 2009)
- ↑ Vilitsa // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : in 66 volumes (65 volumes and 1 additional) / Ch. ed. O. Yu. Schmidt . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1926-1947.
- ↑ Species Plantarum, 1: 202. 1753
- ↑ Poyarkova A. I. Plyushch - Hedera // Flora of the USSR / Botanical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences; Started with guidance and under the editorial board of Acad. V. L. Komarova; Volume Editor B.K. Shishkin. - M. — L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1950. - T. XVI. - S. 3-17.
- ↑ Max Fasmer’s Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language - Ivy (Retrieved October 24, 2009)
- ↑ Hedera . The Plant List (2010). Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden (2010). Date of treatment December 3, 2011. Archived on April 9, 2012.
Literature
- Poyarkova A. I. Plyushch - Hedera // Flora of the USSR / Botanical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences; Started with guidance and under the editorial board of Acad. V. L. Komarova; Volume Editor B.K. Shishkin. - M. — L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1950. - T. XVI. - S. 3-17.
Links
- Ivy - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- Ivy // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.