Iosif Georgievich Iremashvili ( Georgian იოსებ გიორგის ძე ირემაშვილი , German Iosseb Iremaschwili ; 1878 - 1944 ) - Georgian politician and memoirist, childhood friend and political opponent I.V. Stalin , known for his book of memoirs about childhood and youth Sos Dzhugashvili.
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cargo. იოსებ გიორგის ძე ირემაშვილი | |
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Content
Biography
Iremashvili studied with Dzhugashvili at the Gori Theological College [1] , and then at the Tiflis Theological Seminary . In 1901 he became a teacher in the Gori seminary. He helped Kobe (Soso Dzhugashvili) hide from the police.
Iremashvili joined the RSDLP , conducted political activities. After 1903, broke with the Bolsheviks , became a Menshevik .
On October 17, 1905, Iremashvili and Dzhugashvili participated in the Tiflis demonstration, which took place after the manifesto announced freedom of the press and assembly. In 1907, Iremashvili published an article entitled "Bolshevik danger", with a sharp condemnation of the tactics of the Bolsheviks. The polemic with you soon grew into personal enmity.
Subsequently became a teacher in Tbilisi , taught the first son of Stalin, Jacob Dzhugashvili , who grew up and was brought up by relatives of Jacob's mother - Ekaterina Svanidze .
In 1919 - 1921 Iremashvili was a member of the Constituent Assembly of the Georgian Democratic Republic. Appointed Commissioner of Dusheti County .
After independent Georgia was occupied by the RSFSR forces and then annexed during the Soviet-Georgian war of 1921, Iremashvili was arrested and put in Metekhi Castle . His sister procured the release of Iremashvili from Stalin. In 1922, he, along with other Social Democrats (Mensheviks), was expelled from the USSR [2] . Got political asylum in Germany . Until the end of his days, he actively fought for the independence of Georgia.
He died in 1944 in Berlin.
The burial place is unknown.
Memories of Stalin
In 1932, in Berlin, in German, the book of his memoirs “Stalin and the tragedy of Georgia” ( German: “Stalin und die Tragoedie Georgiens” ) was published . The book is considered a valuable source because it belongs to an eyewitness who knew Stalin closely and went outside the USSR, that is, was not subjected to Soviet censorship. The book contains a number of interesting information about the biography of the leader of the CPSU (b) , absent in other sources. So, according to Iremashvili, both parents of Joseph Dzhugashvili - father Vissarion Dzhugashvili (Dzugaev) and mother Ketevan (Ekaterina) Geladze - were Ossetian-Kudars, and not just one mother, as previously thought.
Iremashvili talks about the brutal beatings that the drunken Vissarion awarded to little Coco, and about Coco’s gradually growing antipathy to his father. According to Iremashvili, young Stalin was characterized by such traits of character as vindictiveness, revenge, treachery, ambition and ambition. According to him, the humiliation transferred in childhood made Stalin ...
... cruel and heartless, like his father. He was convinced that the person to whom other people should obey should be like his father, and therefore he soon developed a deep hostility to everyone who was superior to him in position. From childhood, the goal of his life was revenge, and he subjugated everything to this goal [3] .
Iremashvili ends his characterization with the words:
The triumph for him was to achieve victory and inspire fear [4] .
From the reading circle, according to Iremashvili, the novel by the Georgian writer Kazbegi “Father-Killer” made a special impression on young Soso, with whom he identified himself with the hero Abrek Koboi. According to Iremashvili,
Koba became a god for Coco, the meaning of his life. He would like to become the second Coba, a fighter and a hero, famous, like this last [5] .
Stalin and the Tsarist Okhrana
Iremashvili had no doubts about Stalin’s ties with the tsar’s secret police , which, according to Iremashvili, was the reason for Stalin’s exclusion from the Social Democratic Party of Georgia. The Social Democracy also rejected the terrorist acts and " exs " (raids and robberies), which were carried out by L. B. Krasin and M. M. Litvinov , with the active participation of Stalin. However , V.I. Lenin considered this activity important for replenishing the party fund, which ultimately led to a split in the party.
Proceedings
- Joseph Iremaschwili. Stalin und die Tragödie Georgiens. Berlin, Verfasser, 1932.- 95 S. (ill.) (German) //
- modern reprint: ი.ირემაშვილი, სტალინი და საქართველოს ტრაგედია, თბ, 2006. - 138 p. - ISBN 9992869194 (cargo)
Literature
- V.A. Torchinov, A.M. Leontyuk Around Stalin. Historical and biographical reference book. - St. Petersburg, 2000.
Links
Notes
- ↑ The fact of their acquaintance and their affiliation with the underground group is confirmed by the article by V. Kaminsky and I. Vereshchagin “Childhood and Youth of the Leader” (Young Guard. 1939. No 12. P. 39, 72).
- ↑ Joseph Iremashvili. Biography on "Chronos. RU"
- ↑ Pedagogical library: Chernyavskaya A. G. Psychology of domination and subordination: by the Cross
- ↑ University of the Russian Academy of Education - About the University (Inaccessible link) . Date of treatment October 24, 2009. Archived October 12, 2009.
- ↑ Tucker R. Stalin. Way to power