Yucca ( lat. Yúcca ) - a genus of tree-like evergreen plants of the subfamily Agavoideae of the Asparagaceae family . Previously, this genus was included in the subfamily Dracaenoideae of the family Liliaceae or in the family Agave ( Agavaceae ).
| Yucca | |||||||||||||||||||||
 Berry Yucca in Red Rock Canyon , Nevada | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||
| International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||||
Yucca L. (1753) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonyms | |||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||
In American English it is more often pronounced as "Yakka".
Content
Historical Information
In the Russian language, confusion is very common due to the second name of the cassava edible plant - "Yuka" ( Yuca ). As a result, the mention of Yuuki (cassava) in the report of conquistador Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada "A summary of the conquest of the New Kingdom of Granada" ( 1539 , edited by an anonymous author in 1548-1549) is erroneously considered the first mention of Yucca ( Yucca ):
The food of these people is the same as in other parts of India, because their main food is maize [maíz] and yucca [yuca]. In addition, they have 2 or 3 varieties of plants from which they greatly benefit from their food, some of which are similar to truffles, called ionas [2] , others are similar to turnips, called cubias , which they throw into their cooking, it serves them as an important product.
- Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada. "Summary of the conquest of the New Kingdom of Granada" [3] .
And in the same way, in 1553 in the book " Chronicle of Peru " by Pedro Siesa de Leon :
The valley is very flat and always abundantly sown with corn and yucca [yucales], and there are large fruit trees, and many palm groves "pechibaes".
- Cieza de Leon, Pedro. Chronicle of Peru. Part one. Chapter XXVIII. [four]
Botanical description
The stalk is woody, sometimes branched tree-like.
Leaves are crowded at the ends of the trunk or branches, linearly lanceolate , spiky.
The flowers are quite large, bell-shaped, white, hanging on short pedicels , form a multi-flowered panicle . Perianth (6 of them) loose or somewhat connected at the base. Stamens shorter than perianth. Ovary with numerous ovules . The column is short, with 3 stigma blades.
The fruit is a box or fleshy berry .
Dissemination and ecology
About 20 species in the southern United States , Mexico, and Central America . Many species are bred, keeping winter in the south of Europe under the open sky.
Meaning and application
Light industry
In the USA, yucca filament fibers are still added to cotton in the production of jeans - this increases the wear resistance of jeans. Also, yucca filament fibers are used in the manufacture of rope ropes and paper.
Food Chains
Pollination of yucca flowers, in particular, filamentous yucca ( Yucca filamentosa ), is performed by the females of small Tegeticula yuccasella moths . Flowers open at night, and females of butterflies flock to their aroma, which, with the help of large palps, maxill collects sticky pollen from the plant. Having flown onto another flower, the insect lays eggs in the ovary and then places a lump of pollen in the recess of the stigma, thus producing pollination . Caterpillars feed on young seeds , but eat only part of the seeds, while the remaining seeds ripen. The symbiosis of yucca and Tegeticula yuccasella explains the fact that in European gardens where this species of butterflies does not occur, yucca "never" bears fruit - it sometimes does.
Medical use
The leaves of plants of the genus Yucca contain steroidal saponins , aglycones of which can be used for the synthesis of hormonal drugs [5] .
Systematics
Three sections are distinguished in the genus: Chaenocarpa , Clistocarpa , Yucca .
List of species according to Germplasm Resources Information Network ( GRIN ):
- sect. Yucca
- Yucca aloifolia L. - Aloe elite Yucca , fruit - berry
- Yucca baccata Torr. - Yucca berry , or Yucca berry-bearing
- Yucca filifera Chabaud - Yucca Nitrous
- Yucca gloriosa L. - Yucca is glorious , the fruit is not opened, dry, spongy, but not fleshy
- Yucca gigantea Lem. - Yucca is a giant [ syn. Yucca elephantipes Regel ex Trel. - Yucca the elephant] [ syn. Yucca guatemalensis Baker - Yucca of Guatemala]
- Yucca madrensis gentry
- Yucca periculosa baker
- Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies - Yucca Shidiger
- Yucca schottii Engelm.
- Yucca torreyi shafer
- Yucca treculeana Carrière - Yucca Trekkuliana
- sect. Chaenocarpa
- Yucca angustissima Engelm. ex Trel.
- Yucca arkansana Trel. - Yucca of Arkansas
- Yucca baileyi Wooton ex Standl. - Yucca Bailey
- Yucca campestris McKelvey
- Yucca cernua ELKeith
- Yucca constricta buckley
- Yucca elata Engelm. - Yucca is tall
- Yucca faxoniana Sarg.
- Yucca filamentosa L. - Yucca filament , fruit - box
- Yucca flaccida Haw.
- Yucca glauca Nutt. - Yucca Gray
- Yucca harrimaniae Trel.
- Yucca neomexicana Wooton ex Standl.
- Yucca reverchonii Trel.
- Yucca rupicola Scheele
- Yucca thompsoniana Trel.
- Yucca utahensis McKelvey
- sect. Clistocarpa
- Yucca brevifolia Engelm. - Short-leaved Yucca , or Joshua Tree (Joshua)
Gallery
Yucca aloifolia
Yucca angustissima var. avia
Yucca baccata
Yucca baccata var. baccata
Yucca baccata var. brevifolia
Yucca brevifolia
Yucca carnerosana
Yucca cernua
Yucca decipiens
Yucca elata
Yucca faxoniana
Yucca filamentosa
Yucca filifera
Yucca flaccida
Yucca gigantea
Yucca glauca
Yucca gloriosa
Yucca gloriosa var. recurvifolia
Yucca harrimaniae
Yucca intermedia
Yucca pallida
Yucca periculosa
Yucca reverchonii
Yucca rigida
Yucca rostrata
Yucca rupicola
Yucca schidigera
Yucca schottii
Yucca standleyi
Yucca thompsoniana
Yucca torreyi
Yucca treculeana
Yucca utahensis
Notes
- ↑ On the conditionality of specifying the class of monocotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the “APG Systems” section of the article “Monocotyledons” .
- ↑ A more precise name in Chibcha is “yoma” or “yomui”
- ↑ Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada . A summary of the conquest of the New Kingdom of Granada ”(1539; 1548-1549). (inaccessible link) . www.kuprienko.info (A. Skromnitsky) (April 20, 2010). Date of treatment April 20, 2010. Archived December 17, 2010.
- ↑ Pedro Cieza de Leon. Chronicle of Peru. Part one. www.kuprienko.info (A. Skromnitsky) (July 24, 2008). Date of treatment November 11, 2012. Archived July 9, 2012.
- ↑ Blinova K.F. et al. Botanical-Pharmacognostic Dictionary: Ref. allowance / Ed. K.F. Blinova, G.P. Yakovleva. - M .: Higher. school, 1990. - S. 263. - ISBN 5-06-000085-0 .
Links
- Yucca (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment January 24, 2009. Archived on October 5, 2008. on the USDA NRCS website (English) (Retrieved June 25, 2013)
- Yucca - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- Yucca // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Yucca (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment May 17, 2010. Archived July 17, 2010. On site Encyclopedia of decorative garden plants.