Nevruyev’s army (May 1252 ) - the punitive campaign of the Golden Horde troops under the command of Tsarevich Nevruy, aimed (possibly at the request of Alexander Nevsky [1] [2] [3] ) against the brother of Alexander Nevsky, the Grand Duke of Vladimir Andrei Yaroslavich .
| Campaign Nevruya to the North-Eastern Russia | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| date | 1252 | ||
| Total | Impression in Vladimir Alexander Nevsky | ||
| Opponents | |||
| |||
| Commanders | |||
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Content
History
The sources of the conflict, according to historians, lay in the division of the inheritance of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich , poisoned in the Horde in 1246 . The brother of Yaroslav Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich who occupied Vladimir in accordance with the old order of inheritance was expelled by one of the younger Yaroslavichs, Mikhail . According to some reports, Yaroslav bequeathed to Andrei a great reign, and the eldest son, Alexander, Novgorod and Kiev, was supported by the Mongol khan Guyuk , while Batu demanded that the great reign be given to Alexander. The conflict between Guyuk and Batu ended in 1247 with the death of Guyuk in Maverannahr during a campaign on Batu. In subsequent years, Munke , who occupied the khan’s throne, was engaged in the suppression of his domestic political opponents, including with the help of troops sent by Batu led by Burundi ( 1251 ).
At the end of 1249, Alexander and Andrey returned to Russia, after which there was an alliance between Andrei and Yaroslav Yaroslavich and Daniil Galitsky .
According to some reports, Sartak (Batu’s son and, possibly, his co-ruler) gave the order to march on Andrei Yaroslavich; according to others, Batu himself did it [4] . At the head of the campaign was the commander Nevruy, who was called the "prince" in the IV Novgorod Chronicle . According to some chronicles, in addition to him, the troops were also commanded by Kotiya and Olabuga (Alabuga the Brave), who probably had the title of temnik .
On the part of the Russian troops, military commanders: Grand Duke Vladimir and Suzdal Andrei Yaroslavovich, Prince Pereslavsky and Tverskoy Yaroslav Yaroslavovich, his governor Zhidislav, Suzdal boyars.
The route of the Horde campaign: Ulus Sartaka (between the Khopra and Volga rivers) - crossing the river. Tsna - Vladimir - crossing the river. Klyazma - Pereslavl-Zalessky - Sartak ulus [5] .
Nevruy crossed the Klyazma near Vladimir , defeated Andrei on the eve of Borisov day , that is, July 23. Details of the battle are unknown. Andrei and Yaroslav first fled to Novgorod , but the Novgorodians did not accept them, after which Andrei Yaroslavovich with his wife, children and the rest of the squad went to Sweden through Novgorod, Pskov and Kolyvan (Tallinn), and Yaroslav Yaroslavovich to Pskov. Nevruy devastated Pereyaslavl-Zalessky , (the battle of Pereslavl-Zalessky and his assault on May 15, 1252), where the wife of Yaroslav Yaroslavich was killed and the children Mikhail and Svyatoslav Yaroslavichi were captured. The governor Zhydislav also perished. "Hordes" of people, horses and cattle were taken to the Horde.
This was the first appearance of large Mongol-Tatar military forces in North-Eastern Russia after the Batu invasion .
Historians hold different opinions about the involvement of Alexander Nevsky in the campaign of Nevruy [6] , as a result of which he became the Grand Duke of Vladimir. Upon returning from Sweden, Andrei Yaroslavovich received from Alexander Suzdal (Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich died in 1252), and new conflicts between them are unknown, but Yaroslav Yaroslavovich continued the struggle, coming to Novgorod in 1255 . But Alexander regained his position there, returning there the son of Basil from Torzhok .
See also
- Batyvo invasion
- Dudenev's army
Notes
- ↑ Solovyov S. M. The History of Russia from Ancient Times. - M.: Publishing house of socio-economic literature, 1960. - T. 3. - S. 156-157.
- ↑ George Vernadsky . A History of Russia, 5 vols. - New Haven: Yale University Press, 1943-1969. - Vol. 3: The Mongols and Russia. - PP. 143-149.
- ↑ JLIFennell . The Crisis of Medieval Russia 1200-1304. - London: Longman, 1983. - PP. 106-108.
- ↑ 1 2 Donald Ostrowski. The Tatar Campaign of 1252 // Palaeoslavica. - Vol. XVII (2009). - No. 2. - PP. 46-64.
- ↑ Yu.V. Seleznev. "Russian-Horde conflicts of the XIII-XV centuries." Table number 9. p. 36-37.
- ↑ Direct communication in historical sources close to the time of the campaign has not been fixed, which forces historians to speculate [4] .
Literature
- Egorov V. L. The historical geography of the Golden Horde in the XIII-XIV centuries. / Ans. Editor V.I. Buganov. - M .: Nauka, 1985 .-- S. 182-183. - 11,000 copies.
- Laushkin A.V. The ideology of the "Horde captivity" and the annals of the "Nevyrueva rati" // History and culture of the Rostov land. 2000. Rostov, 2001. P.24-31.
- Nevruy // Slavic Encyclopedia. Kievan Rus - Muscovy: in 2 tons. T. 2 NY. / Auto-comp. V.V. Boguslavsky - M .: Olma-Press, 2005 .-- 816 p. ISBN 5224022495 , ISBN 9785224022496 - S. 23.
- Seleznev Yu. V. Elite of the Golden Horde. - Kazan: Publishing House "Feng" AN RT, 2009. - S. 138. - 232 p.
- Seleznev Yu.V. // Russian-Horde conflicts of the XIII-XV centuries. // M. 2014.
- Nevryuyev army, 1252 // Khrustalyov D.G. Northern Crusaders. Russia in the struggle for spheres of influence in the Eastern Baltic in the XII-XIII centuries. - St. Petersburg: Eurasia, 2009 /
- Nevryuyev army // Degtyarev A. Ya. Selected Works on Russian History. In 2 volumes - T. 2. - M .: Parade, 2008 .-- 575 p., Ill. - S. 234-237.
- Khrapachevsky R.P. Nevryuyev army in the light of Mongolian sources