Tablo [1] ( Greek. Τέμπλον - templon, altar barrier, not from lat. Tábula - board [2] [3] ) - a wooden bar of the altar barrier used to install icons .
The device of the iconostasis
The ends of the rod are inserted into special recesses in the masonry walls. The icons were installed back to back, and later vertical columns separating the icons began to be installed between the horizontal dowels. Each horizontally installed tax bearer carries one row of icons, and accordingly, depending on the number of rows, the iconostasis was called two-table, three-table, etc. [4]
Over the Royal Gates, the tax can pass into a broad board (“koruna”), usually with the Deesis written on it.
On the upper and / or lower surface of the trench there are grooves for installing icons. The average depth of the grooves for the icons in the tails is 2 cm or more [5] . In the iconostases of small Russian churches of the 15th – 17th centuries, the height of the timber bars was approximately 15–16 cm [6] .
The tags were often painted (usually with floral or geometric patterns) or decorated with carvings [7] .
History
Historically, the tax probably comes from the architrave of the altar barrier of the Byzantine temple. In Russia, the board over the Royal Gates was also called the tax in the absence of other rows of the iconostasis. In such cases, the Deesis or the Last Supper [4] [7] could be depicted on the boat.
Table iconostases were widespread in the 15th – 17th centuries, but with the advent of the Baroque era they were replaced by carved (“Flemish”) frame iconostases. This, in turn, is accompanied by a change in the design of the temple: the iconostasis of the ship assumed an open altar arch, the frame iconostasis, being a giant frame for icons, becomes a blank wall with small openings for entering the altar [8] .
The revival of interest in the ship iconostasis was observed at the beginning of the 20th century. So, there are several tax iconostases written by Dmitry Stelletsky :
- the iconostasis of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the estate of the parents of the icon painter near Belovezhskaya Pushcha (now belongs to the Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky collection, in the church of Peter and Paul in the commune of Chatne-Malabry near Paris (1916, 1939-1940);
- iconostasis of the church of St. Sergius of Radonezh, St. Sergius Compound in Paris (November 1925-1927);
- the iconostasis of the Church of the Sign of the Mother of God in Paris (1928) [9] .
In the 1980s, in the lower church of the Church of the Holy Fathers of the Seven Ecumenical Cathedrals of St. Daniel’s Monastery in Moscow, Archimandrite Zinon (Theodore) creates a three-tiered iconostasis, stylized as a towering, with an emphasis on icon-painting images, after which in many churches in the late 1980s In the beginning of the 1990s, similar “ship” iconostases appeared, decorated with light painting or modest carvings [8] .
Similar Values
- Fat (emphasis on the first syllable) - in the Volga villages - a shelf with icons in the red corner [10] .
- The stem is an inclined beam in a pyramidal ceiling of the " sky " type in the church architecture of the Russian North .
See also
- Epistilium
Notes
- ↑ "tax, -a; many trouble, trouble, trouble ”- trouble // Russian verbal stress: Dictionary. / Zarva M.V. - M.: Publishing House NTs ENAS, 2001 .-- 600 p.
- ↑ Fasmer’s Etymological Russian Dictionary
- ↑ Golubinsky E. G. Explanatory note to the petition of the extraordinary professor of the Moscow Theological Academy, Yevgeny Golubinsky, on his vacation on a trip to Greece and to the Slavic Orthodox lands. January 16, 1872
- ↑ 1 2 Flurry // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882. .
- ↑ Miller A.G. Iconostases of the second half of the 15th - beginning of the 14th centuries Church of St. Nicholas in Gostinopol .
- ↑ Podyapolsky S. S. What was the iconostasis of the Nativity Cathedral of the Ferapontov Monastery? // Ferapontovsky collection. - M., 1991. - Vol. 3 .-- S. 176.
- ↑ 1 2 A ship from the Church of the Rescue. State Historical Museum .
- ↑ 1 2 Yazykova I. Iconostasis. Origin, structure, current status .
- ↑ Yuryev T.V.Iconostases D.S. Stelletsky .
- ↑ Ponikarova M. Izba in the Zavolzhsky village