Shrimp grouse ( lat. Fritillária meleágris ) - perennial herb ; type species of the grouse of the family Liliaceae .
| Grouse chess | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 General view of a flowering plant. Swamp near Ljubljana , Slovenia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Fritillaria meleagris L. , 1753 [2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
- 1 Botanical Description
- 2 Distribution and ecology
- 3 Meaning and application
- 3.1 Grouse chess as an ornamental plant
- 4 Taxonomy
- 5 Name
- 6 Other information
- 7 notes
- 8 Literature
- 9 References
Botanical Description
The plant is perennial. Ephemeroid .
The bulb is spherical oblate, clad in a brown membranous membrane, small (7-15 [3] mm across), consists of two scales [4] .
Stem 15–35 cm high, smooth or with rare tubercles [4] .
All leaves are alternate, their number is from two to six, located in the upper part of the stem, linear-lanceolate, narrowed to both ends, obtuse at the end, 8–13 cm long, 3–10 mm wide, half-stemmed at the base, upper ones smaller and narrower . Bracts are not twisted.
The flower is usually single (rarely two of them) drooping. The perianth is bell-shaped or cubar [3] , its lobes are oblong-elliptical, slightly narrowed upward, obtuse, all almost the same size, external slightly narrower than the internal, 3-4 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, with a sharp checkerboard pattern dark purple on a pink or whitish background, inside yellowish-white [4] . In the midline of the tepals are the honey grooves [5] . Stamens below are paler, almost half shorter than perianth lobes, with linear yellow anthers, on whitish, one and a half to two times shorter, gradually expanding threads down. Threads in the upper part with rare pubescence [4] . Pestles slightly longer than stamens. Column about 12 mm long [3] , up to 1 ⁄ 3 dissected into three stigmas . Ovary about 5 mm long [4] . It blooms in late spring - early summer for two to three weeks [6] (according to other sources, in the middle – end of spring [7] ).
The box is stupidly trihedral, dull at the top. One thousand seeds weigh 1.9 g [8] . Fruits and ends the growing season in July [3] .
Under natural conditions, propagated by seeds and vegetatively with the help of daughter bulbs, which are laid in the sinuses of the scales.
The number of chromosomes: 2n = 24 [4] [7] .
Distribution and Ecology
The species range covers almost the whole of Europe with the exception of the extreme northern and extreme southern regions [9] .
It is found in Russia in the central regions of the European part - Bryansk , Vladimir [10] , Kaluga , Moscow , Tula , Oryol , Lipetsk , Kursk regions (it is relatively rare everywhere) [3] , in Western Siberia [4] [7] ( N. A. Monteverde pointed more accurately to the Tomsk province [5] ) and Altai [4] . S. S. Stankov and V. I. Taliev pointed to the Tambov , Saratov , Rostov , Sverdlovsk and south of the Molotov region [11] . P.F. Maevsky believed that indications of the presence of a chess grouse in the Samara , Saratov and Volgograd regions are doubtful [12] . It is found in Bashkiria.
It grows in forests, meadows, in damp places; often at the bottom of slopes or at their bases [3] . In the mountains it rises to the mid-mountain zone [7] .
Meaning and Application
Bulbs are edible; they are used in folk medicine. [3]
Grouse chess as an ornamental plant
A grouse chess has been known in culture since 1519 [6] . In cultural specimens, instead of one, as in type, usually 2-3 flowers develop [3] . It has several garden forms and cultivars , including white-flowered ('Alba') and terry ('Flore Pleno') forms.
Florists are known for more than ten varieties that differ in the color of the perianth, among them: 'Pomona' (Pomona) - with white, with a pinkish tint flowers; `Poseidon` (Poseidon) - with large white, with a purple tint flowers; `Saturnus` (Saturnus) - with large red-violet flowers. [7]
Under the conditions of culture, the hazel grouse is propagated by adult bulbs, children, which are formed in large numbers, and by seeds (the 'Alba' form gives few seeds), and the period from sowing the seeds to the first flowering of seedlings takes three years. [6]
Winter hardiness: 4–9 USDA zones ; in the midland of Russia, it winters well. [6]
Grouse chess tested in Kirovsk , St. Petersburg , Moscow , Gorno-Altaysk . [7]
Field of flowering grouse in Austria , flower, fruits and seeds, white-flowered form | ||||||||||
Taxonomy
Described by Linnaeus from France and Italy ("Habitat in Gallia, Italia"). Type in London (Herb. Linn. No. 421.3 (LINN)) [13] .
| two more subfamilies - Kalochortus and Medeol | four more genera - Lily , Cardiocrinum , Nomoharis , Notolirion | |||||||||||||||
| family Liliaceae | tribe Liliaceae | view Grouse chess | ||||||||||||||
| order Lily | subfamily Liliaceae | kind Grouse | ||||||||||||||
| 9 more families (according to APG II System ) including Colchicum , Melantius | two more tribes - Tulip and Geidzhievye | one hundred and forty-nine species | ||||||||||||||
There are two subspecies :
- Fritillaria meleagris subsp. meleagris [ syn. Fritillaria meleagris var. contorta ( Baker ) W. Mill. ] [14]
- Fritillaria meleagris subsp. burnatii ( Planch. ) Rix [15] [ syn. Fritillaria burnatii Planch. ] [16]
Title
N.I. Annenkov in the Botanical Dictionary (1878), in an article about chess grouse, gives the following common and book names used in different places of Russia with the persons who recorded these names in print or in writing, as well as names in German, French and English and some other languages:
Fritillaria Meleagris L. Grouse grass (Cond.) Church. per. Kivichi (Ek. Mag.) Tsvet шах shah (Ekon. Mag.) Per. Vѣnechnik (per.), Mokhnach, Mohnatyi tsvet. (Levsh.) Kudryavka (Ert.) Tsvetѣ chess tr. (Kondr. Per.) - Paul . Szachownica. - Czech . Řebčik. - Luz . Šachownica. - Nm . Kukukslilie (Pall. Ledeb. 176) das Kiebitzei, die Kiebitzblume, Schachblume, die Brettspielblume, die Damenblume. - Franz . Le Damier, Cosagne, Coccigrole, Clochette, Gorgone, Pique, Tulipe des près, La Pintade, le Méléagre, l'Oeuf de vanneau. - English . Checker Lily. Guinea Hen flower, Snake's head. Meleagris Fritillary. [17]
Other information
Chessy grouse is the official floral emblem of the Swedish province of Uppland [18] .
Stylized images of a hazel grouse are part of the emblems of the German communes of Hetlingen and Seestermue .
From left to right: coat of arms of Hetlingen, coat of arms of Seestermüe | ||||||||||
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of monocotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Monocotyledonous article .
- ↑ Species Plantarum 1: 304 (1753)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gubanov I.A., Kiseleva K.V., Novikov V.S., Tikhomirov V.N. Illustrated identifier of plants in Central Russia . - M .: KMK scientific publications, Institute of Technological Research, 2002. - T. 1. - P. 456. - ISBN 5-87317-091-6 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Vlasova N.V. Fritillaria L.— Grouse // Flora of Siberia. Araceae - Orchidaceae / Acad. Sciences of the USSR, Sib. Dep., Center. sib. bot. garden. Ed. Doct. biol. Sciences L.I. Malysheva, Doct. biol. Sciences G.A. Peshkova. - Novosibirsk: Nauka, Siberian Dep., 1987. - S. 100-101.
- ↑ 1 2 Botanical Atlas. Description and image of plants of Russian flora. With 92 tables in colors depicting 529 plants, and with 873 polytypes. Compiled by N. A. Monteverde, chief botanist of the Imperial Botanical Garden of Peter the Great . - The fourth edition, revised and significantly supplemented. - Petrograd: Publishing A.F. Devrien, 1916. - S. 246. (unavailable link)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Encyclopedia of Ornamental Garden Plants - Grouse Eufritillaria (Retrieved October 18, 2009)
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Artyushenko 3. T. Fritillaria L. - Grouse or Fritillaria // Ornamental herbaceous plants for the open ground of the USSR. Class of monocotyledons. In two volumes / USSR Academy of Sciences; Botanical Institute named after V. L. Komarov; Repl. ed. N.A. Avrorin. - L .: Science, Len. Department, 1977. - T. Volume 2 Liliaceae - Zingiberaceae (Liliaceae - Ginger). - S. 90-96.
- ↑ Kew Gardens Millennium Seed Bank Project Information - Fritillaria meleagris (Retrieved October 17, 2009)
- ↑ Flora Europaea - Fritillaria meleagris L. (English) (Retrieved October 17, 2009)
- ↑ Kazakova, M.V. et al. The study of the population of grouse chess ( Fritillaria meleagris L.) in the valley of the river. Charmus // Specially Protected Natural Territories and Objects of the Vladimir Region and Neighboring Regions: Materials II Interregion. scientific-practical conf. “Monitoring and conservation of especially valuable natures. territories and objects of Vladimir region and adjacent. regions: problems, experience and prospects ”(Vladimir, December 14-15, 2012) . - Vladimir: Transit-X, 2013. - P. 61-66. - ISBN 978-5-8311-0783-8 . Archived October 4, 2014 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ Stankov S.S., Taliev V.I. Key to higher plants of the European part of the USSR / Otv. ed.V. G. Khrzhanovsky. - Ed. 2nd, rev. and additional .. - M .: Soviet science, 1957. - S. 551.
- ↑ Mayevsky P.F. Flora of the middle zone of the European part of Russia / Under the general. ed. Corr. USSR Academy of Sciences B.K. Shishkin. - 9th, rev. and add. ed .. - L .: Kolos, 1964 .-- S. 663.
- ↑ The Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project - Fritillaria meleagris Linnaeus (English) (Retrieved October 17, 2009)
- ↑ World Checklist of Monocotyledons, Kew Gardens - Fritillaria meleagris (English) (Retrieved October 17, 2009)
- ↑ Bot. Jour. Linn. Soc. 76: 356 (1978)
- ↑ Flora Europaea - Fritillaria meleagris (English) (Retrieved October 17, 2009)
- ↑ Botanical dictionary. A reference book for botanists, rural owners, gardeners, growers, pharmacists, doctors, drogistov, travelers across Russia and rural residents in general / Compiled by N. Annenkov. - SPb. : Printing House of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1878. - P. 148.
- ↑ Svenska landskapsblommor : [ arch. 09/29/2017 ]: [ Swede. ] . - Naturhistoriska riksmuseet , 1996 .-- 15 oktober. - Date of treatment: 04/07/2018.
Literature
- Lozina-Lozinskaya A.S. Ryabchik - Fritillaria // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / chap. ed. V.L. Komarov . - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1935. - T. 4 / ed. volumes V. L. Komarov. - S. 306. - 760, XXX p. - 5175 copies.
- Gomozova I.V. On the distribution of Fritillaria meleagris L. // Bull. MOIP: Dep. biologist. - 1976 - Jan. –Feb. - Vol. 81 (1) . - S. 144-145 .
- Kurlovich L. E., Alekseev Yu. E. A new find of Fritillaria meleagris L. in the Moscow region // Vestn. Moscow State University: Series VI. Biology, soil science. - 1975 - March — April. - Vol. 30 . - S. 111-112 .
- Rotov R.A. Grouse chess ( Fritilaria meleagris L.) in the Moscow region // Bull. Ch. nerd. the garden. - 1973. - Issue. 90 . - S. 27-29 .
- Aleksandrov, Yu.V. A new species for the flora of the Moscow Region - chess grouse ( Fritillaria meleagris L.) // Biologist. Sciences. - 1971. - No. 6 . - S. 84-85 .
- Melnik V.I. et al. New data on the distribution of Fritillaria meleagris (Liliaceae) in Ukraine // Botanical Journal . - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2006. - T. 91 , No. 11 . - S. 1753-1756 . - ISSN 0006-8136 .
- Gubanov I.A. et al. 346. Fritillaria meleagris L. - Grouse chess // Illustrated identifier of plants in Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. ISS., 2002. - T. 1. Ferns, horsetails, crowns, gymnosperms, angiosperms (monocotyledons). - S. 456. - ISBN 8-87317-091-6 .