Finnegans Wake [1] ( Finnegans Wake ), published under the title Finnegans Wake [2] is an experimental “word-making, mythological and comic” [3] novel by Irish modernist writer James Joyce written in the technique of “ flow ” consciousness ”, on which the half-blind author worked in Paris for 16 years (began work on March 10, 1923). He saw the light during the life of the author in 1939 [4] and caused an extremely mixed reaction in the literary community.
| Finnegan Wake | |
|---|---|
| Finnegans wake | |
 Dublin fountain in the form of Anna Libya Plurabel, heroine of the novel | |
| Genre | novel |
| Author | James joyce |
| Original language | English |
| Date of writing | 1923-1939 |
| Date of first publication | May 4, 1939 |
| Publishing house | Faber and faber |
| Previous | |
The text of the novel is a macaronic chain of endless puns and neologisms using many languages , which makes it inaccessible to understanding. The plot and characters of the book cause lively debate among literary critics. The name refers to an Irish folk song about an alcoholic resurrected by spraying with “water of life” - whiskey . This sets the text's motive for endless return ( uroboros structure).
Content
- 1 Structure
- 2 Language of the novel
- 3 main characters
- 4 Cultural influence
- 5 Translations
- 5.1 Translations into Russian
- 6 Screen version
- 7 notes
- 8 Literature
- 8.1 in English
- 8.2 In Russian
- 9 Book Editions
- 10 Links
Structure
The duration of the novel on a real level covers one night in Dublin , and on a symbolic one - world history . C. Hart offers the following scheme for the basic structure of the novel [5] . His first three books correspond to three epochs of the history of mankind according to J. Vico and are characterized according to the scheme Birth - Marriage - Death (in the first book, the process goes from birth to death; in the third, mirror to it, from death to birth); within each epoch, four small cycles unfold, denoted in terms of the elements (Earth - Water - Fire - Air). Summary Book IV is timeless and represented by a point or axis around which small cycles are located.
Novel Language
49,200 words from the number used in the book are used only once, and among them there are borrowings from about seventy languages (including Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Javanese and others), as well as invented by Joyce.
As S. S. Khoruzhiy notes:
The meaning of certain words and hints can be guessed; knowing languages, having powerful erudition and an ingenious mind, one can understand more ... 30 percent; burrowing, not sparing hours, in special literature, we will pass over 70 ... There is no hope to achieve a full understanding. By the end of his work, the author himself did not have it: he forgot the meaning of some places and could not restore it [6]
According to T. Wilder , “in order to read and understand the book, you need to spend at least a thousand hours” [7] .
Some idea of the language game, which lasts all 600 pages of the novel (this technique of Joyce is called “semiotic hybridization”), gives its name: “ Finnegan's wake ” literally means “Finnegan Wake”; but with the omission of the apostrophe takes the form of “ Finnegans wake ” (“Finnegans awaken”), thereby combining the two stages of the myth of the dying and resurrecting god . In addition, the word Finnegan is consonant with the phrases Finn again (that is, “ Finn has risen again”), as well as fin negans (French “end” + lat. “Denying”)
Main characters
“The true heroes of my book are time, river, mountain. ... In a sense, there are no heroes here at all ( Joyce ) [8] . ”
- Humphrey Chimpden Erwicker (The Earwigs). The innkeeper in Chapelizod (English Chapelizod ), a suburb of Dublin . His initials HCE are deciphered as " here comes everybody " (English "everyone comes here"). It embodies the images of God the Father , Finn , Tristan , Napoleon , Swift , Dan O'Connell , Joyce's father, Dublin Castle and other personalities and objects.
- Anna Livia , his wife. The embodiment of the Liffey River, as well as all the rivers of the world and the biblical Eve . The novel itself turns out to be a letter from Anna Libya, which was rewritten by the "writer" Shem, while Sean stole and made it public.
- Their sons are Shem and Sean . The heroes and the oppositions between them (rebel and conformist; artist and censor; Cain and Abel ; demon trickster Lucifer and archangel guard Michael ; tortoise and griffin from Carroll ) follow the twin myth archetype, but their names are taken from a couple of famous Dublin madmen. In addition, Shem-Pisak is a self-portrait of Joyce , as well as the embodiment of God the Son .
- Their daughter Isabel (Isabella, Isolde , Nuvoletta ). The images of a virgin, dreams, clouds, and also the myth of the incest of a sister and brothers who compete because of her are connected with her; it can be divided into a group of girls.
Cultural Influence
In response to the appearance in the press of individual passages entitled “ Work in Progress ”, S. Becket , W.K. Williams and other authors, who were impatiently awaiting the new work of their idol, made a collection of critical essays . The novel, with its uncompromising integrity, provoked rejection even among such admirers of Joyce's previous book as Ezra Pound and Herbert Wells . Nabokov declared this experimental text "monumental failure."
Nevertheless, professional philologists and philosophers took the text with interest, and a few words invented by Joyce - a quark [9] , monomif - subsequently came into widespread use. In developing the doctrine of deconstruction , Jacques Derrida was largely inspired by Finnegans Wake as the cornerstone of postmodern literature .
Translations
Translations into Russian
The arrangement of selected episodes from the novel into Russian was carried out by Henri Volokhonsky . An early version of the translation of Henry Volokhonsky voiced by him and published in the form of an album Joyce (album) . The content is sometimes different from the paper version, and some episodes at the time of recording were not yet translated. The book edition was published in Tver in 2000.
Since the end of the 2010s, the translation of the novel titled “At the Finnegans’s Mention” by Andrei Renee has gradually been published on the Internet and on the platform “Publishing Solutions” ( Ridero ). Rene's translation is accompanied by comments; it is characterized by the desire to convey as many connotations as possible in the original, which is achieved at the cost that the translation may sound too “in Russian” [10] [11] [12] .
Screen version
In 1966, the film "Passages from Finnegans Wake" [13] directed by Mary Ellen Butte . This film is completely (except for the introduction and a few songs) built on quotes from Joyce’s latest novel [14] . The film with Russian subtitles is called “At the mention of Finneganov. Excerpts " [15] .
Notes
- ↑ Untranslatable pun. The name Finnegan Wake should be spelled in English, Finnegan's wake (with an apostrophe). The apostrophe is missing from the title, as Joseph Campbell points out, also suggesting that “wake” corresponds to the Finnegan awakening (plural). The translation option Finnegans Awake, however, does not reflect this pun.
- ↑ The chapter of Joyce’s latest novel published in Russian in a separate book
- ↑ Definition of S. S. Horuzhego (Joyce J. Collected Works. In 3 vol. Vol. 3. M., 1994. S. 433)
- ↑ Joyce attached particular importance to the fact that the novel was published on February 2, 1939, on the author’s 57th birthday and exactly 17 years after the publication of Ulysses .
- ↑ Meletinsky E.M. Poetics of myth. M., 2000. S.324-325
- ↑ Joyce J. Collected Works. In 3 t. T. 3. M., 1994. S. 434
- ↑ Postmodernism: Encyclopedia. Mn., 2001. P.228
- ↑ Joyce J. Collected Works. In 3 t. T. 3. M., 1994. S. 424
- ↑ M. Gell-Mann borrowed the word “ quark ” from the novel Finnegan Wake to refer to the specific subunits of which hadrons are built.
- ↑ Askaryan, Anna . For the first time, a quarter of Joyce's last novel , Knife (October 3, 2017) , was translated into Russian . Date of appeal October 12, 2018.
- ↑ E.A. "Finnegans Wake" in the context of the Russian language: the specifics of deformation and interpretation // Bulletin of PNIPU. Problems of linguistics and pedagogy. - 2018. - No. 1. - S. 32-41.
- ↑ A. M. Piksikina. On the translatability of the pun in the novel by J. Joyce “Finnegans Wake” // Foreign languages in the dialogue of cultures. Materials vseros. scientific-practical conf. (with international participation) . - 2018 .-- S. 995-999.
- ↑ Passages from Finnegans Wake on IMDB
- ↑ Translation with notes of the text of the film “Passages from Finnegans Wake”: Andrei Rene. “James Joyce. At the mention of Finneganov. Excerpts
- ↑ “At the mention of the Finnegan. Excerpts " on YouTube
Literature
In English
- Donald Phillip Verene. Knowledge of Things Human and Divine: Vico's New Science and Finnegans Wake. New Haven: Yale University Press , 2003. Pp. xiv + 264.
- Bishop, John. Joyce's Book of the Dark: Finnegans Wake , University of Wisconsin Press 1986.
- Burrell, Harry. Narrative Design in Finnegans Wake: The Wake Lock Picked . University Press of Florida 1996.
- Atherton JS The Books at the Wake. A Study of Literary Aluusions in J. Joyce's Finnegans Wake . New York, 1960.
- Hart C. Structure and Motifs in Finnegans Wake . Northwestern University Press . 1962.
In Russian
- Meletinsky E. M. Poetics of myth. 3rd ed. M., 2000. S. 320—326.
- Khoruzhiy S. S. “Ulysses” in the Russian mirror // Joyce J. Collected Works. In 3 vols. T. 3. M .: Znak, 1994.S. 421-442.
Book Editions
- James Joyce Wake Finneganov. Tver: KOLONNA Publications, 2000.128 s. ISBN 5-88662-010-9