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Hamnigans

The Khamnigans are an ethnographic group of mixed origin, related to the Buryats , Evenks , Khalkha-Mongols , Barguts , Daurs . Part of the hamnigan are descendants of the Buryats - Mongolian tribes, the other part - tribes of Evenk origin, influenced by the Buryat , Mongolian languages ​​and Buryats - the Mongolian culture [4] [5] . According to D. G. Damdinov, the Hamnigans are a Buryat tribe of ancient Mongol Khitan origin, akin to the Daurs [5] . A. Kh. Solnomin also writes about the Khitan origin of Hamnigan and Daurov in his work [6] . They mainly live on the territory of the PRC (aimak Hulun-Buir of the Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia ), Mongolia (aimakh Dornod and Khentiy ), the Russian Federation ( Buryatia and the Trans-Baikal Territory ). The number is about 2 thousand people [7] .

Hamnigans
Modern self-namehamnigan
Abundance and area

total: about 2000
Russia :
Trans-Baikal Territory :
Buryatia :
about 600 people
Mongolia :
537 people
China :

OK. 1500 [1] [2]
TongueHamnigan , Hamnigan dialect of Evenki language
ReligionTibetan Buddhism [3] , shamanism
Included inMongols , Buryats , Evenks
Related peoplesKhalkha-Mongols , Buryats , Barguts , Daurs , Evenks
Ethnic groupsOnon Hamnigans, Mongolian Hamnigans, Armak Hamnigans, Shilkin Hamnigans

Hamnigan groups

  • Onon Hamnigans with a conglomerate of genera of various origins, Mongolian and Evenk . At the beginning of the XVII century, they moved from the territory of Khalkhi to the Onon river valleys and were influenced by the Agin Buryats . According to Ts. Jamsarano, most of the Onon hamnigans by the beginning of the 20th century was completely assimilated by the Agin Buryats, the rest by Russian Cossacks. They live in Kyrinsky (ss. Altan , Kyra , Tarbaldzhey , Ulkhun-Party , Mangut , Shumunda and others), Akshinsky (ss. Kurulga , Narasun ), Karymsky , Shilkinsky , Nerchinsky ( Nerchinsk ), Gazimuro-Zavodsky , Chernyshev Trans-Baikal Territory [1] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] .
  • Armak Hamnigans - Evenks - migrants from the shores of Lake Baikal (with Mongolian elements), assimilated by Buryats. They speak Zakamensky and to a lesser extent Sartul dialects of the Buryat language , preserving minor lexical and morphological differences. They live in the villages of Armak , Altsak , Upper Torey of the Dzhidinsky district and the villages of Soaps , Bayangol , Bortoy , Tsakir , Khamney , Khurtaga , Mikhailovka , Ulechchin, Zakamensky district of Buryatia [2] .

Settlement History

During the 17th-18th centuries, Hamnigans roamed the territory of Mongolia. After the establishment of the Russian-Chinese border in 1727, they found themselves in the places of their current settlement: one group in the territory of Mongolia, the other in southern Transbaikalia .

 
Aimaki of Mongolia

Type of marriage

Like the Evenks, the Hamnigans in the 19th century were dominated by a small family. The property was inherited along the male line. Parents usually stayed with their youngest son. The marriage was accompanied by the payment of kalym or working off for the bride. Levirate were known, in rich families - polygamy (up to 5 wives) [13] .

Type of Agriculture

Hamnigans are characterized by nomadic cattle breeding , mainly horse breeding (hence the term “horse tungus ” often used in relation to them), and later also agriculture . They also retained the traditional hunting in the form of subsidiary fishing [14] .

Language

The Hamnigans absorbed the Buryat and Mongolian languages , retaining only a small percentage of Evenki (Tunguska) vocabulary. Now Hamnigans practically do not distinguish themselves from the surrounding Mongols.

Religion

Like Evenks, Hamnigans believe in spirits. Their society is dominated by shamanism , the spiritualization of the forces of nature, commercial cults and some totemism [15] . Onon Hamnigans professed Tibetan Buddhism long before the Buryats moved to the Agin steppes [3] . Infiltrated Buddhism and the Armak Hamnigans [2] .

Hamnigan birth

Two main groups of Hamnigan are distinguished: Onon Hamnigans and Armak Hamnigans.

Armak Hamnigans. Armak hamnigans live in the villages of Armak , Altsak , Upper Torey, Dzhidinsky district, and the villages of Soaps , Bayangol , Bortoi , Tsakir , Khamney , Khurtaga , Mikhailovka , Ulechchin, Zakamensky district of Buryatia . The following genera are distinguished: zyaktai (zayagtai), cingidin (sentigen), darchintuy and terte (tyrta), which in turn is divided into the first and second, or large and small [16] . Before the arrival of the Armak Hamnigans, the Unged Hamnigans [17] , also known as Ulgad, lived here. A number of authors connect them with the genus Uleed (Ulyad) [18] . Other sources mention the generic name oled-hamnigan [19] [20] .

Among the ancestors of the Armak hamnigans, the clans that previously lived in the Irkutsk region were named. So, Kumkagirs were included in the structure of Yaktai: zagachins, Mungal natives, grassroots and suburban. The composition of cingidins included Verkholensk clans: Nalyagirs: Kulengsky (incl. Molzaevsky clan, Kurkuneev clan), Tuturian; Ocheul (Kamchagir). The Kirengo-Khandinsky ikogirs (Ykogirs, Nikogirs, and Ngikogirs) also belonged to the Verkholensk clan [21] .

Onon Hamnigans. The ethno-territorial group of Onon Hamnigans includes such tribes as Sartul (Sartaul) , Uryankhan (Uryanhai) , Tugchin (Uryanhai-Tugchin, Uryanhay-Tugshan), Khachin, Uzon (incl. Shono Uzon (Shine Uzon), 5 Agaalai Uzon [5] , zalayr uzon [22] ), gunui (gunei), mekercin (meheerchin), hatakin (hatagin, hatahin) , throat, daganhan (dagaankhan), modorgon, bagshinar (baksinar, bagshanar), uldegen (bicheten,) , Putzagat (Puutsaguud, Puusagad, Pochegor), Luniker (incl. Senkagir [21] ), Duligad (Duligaad, Dulikagir, Duligar), Chimchigid. Onon hamnigans are settled in a narrow strip bordering Mongolia , in the Onon river valley. They live in Kyrinsky (ss. Altan , Kyra , Tarbaldzhey, Ulkhun-Party, Mangut, Shumundai etc.), Akshinsky (ss. Kurulga, Narasun), Karymsky , Shilkinsky , Nerchinsky ( Nerchinsk ), Gazimuro-Zavodsky , Zabaykalsky , Zabaykalsky, Zabaykalsky, Zabaykalsky, Zabaykalsky, Zabaykalsky the edges . The main population group consists of residents of the Onon Valley, belonging to the group of the burying Mongolian population [23] .

Also included in the Onon hamnigan are the following genera: bakhashil [5] (bahahashil [24] , bahakhshil [25] , bachachil [26] , Wakasilsky, Uvakasilsky, Ukrainian, Vakara, Vokrai, Vakurai, Vakarel, Voerara [27] , Vekora [ 28] , wacker [29] , vocaray, wakarai, vocora [30] ), saradul (sarduud), olyad (ulyaad, uliad), chimchigin, tabantan (taban, tabangut, tabnangut) , naimantan (naiman) , unzadal (oz) , bail , zayd, agalai (agaalai), gushad, tsongol [31] , baltyagan (baltyagin), balikagir (baliagagir), dolod, oncor (oncor-solon, ongkor-solon, onkor solon, unkur-solon) [32] [ 33] [34] , the hall UN [35] , bayagir, chelkagir (chinkagir, chilchagir, chelkegir [4] , chilchagir [27] ), keltegir, konur, dular, mungal, chipchinud, dzaltod (jaltod, zaltuud), orochon [36] [26] [37 ] ] [35] , Cancelut, Bilchitui, Dalat , Namyad (Namyad, Namyasin, Namyr, Naimarians) [4] , Nero, Sukhan [33] , Khargan, Sharayd, Vakagil [27] , Ekokogir, stupefied, Totonkon [21] . Damdinov D.G. as a member of the hamnigan also mentions the following genera: Kara-namyad, Sino-namyad, Shara-namyad, talats (talatsha), solon barga, Shibshin barga, Daguur barga, Hangid , Khulanta, Buyant, Bulgeger, Zuneikhir, Horchin , Sulonkon (үүүүlenkin), Shuninsky, Casey (Kayzoy), Poinkin [5] . In the book “From the history of the peoples of Buryatia” the following generic names are mentioned: balayr, onhod, dargatan, sugar, huteget, hashin, bogayt, kelteit, shuninkan, kuizelin, chilkair, khoronutsky clan [38] .

Childbirth, included in the Urulga Steppe Duma. Ethnogenesis of Onon hamnigans occurred on the territory of the Urulga Steppe Duma , which united 36 clans. The following genera were attributed to the Uralginsk Foreign Council: Telenbin, Mungalsky, Keltegir, Duligatsky (Prince-Duligatsky), Duligatsky house, Yavryninsky and wandering Orochons. The Tin foreign administration consisted of 8 genera: the First-Duligar (First-Duligat), the Second Bayagir, Keltegir, Pochegorsk, Uzon , Sukhanovsky, city and Neron. The Shunduin foreign council consisted of the clans of Ulyat, Chelkagir, Namat and Dolot. The Mankovskaya foreign council included the clans of the First Bayagir, Second Bayagir, First Duligar (First Duligat), Second Duligar (Second Duligat), Namyat, Chipchigir (Chipchinut), Dular, Konur, Dolot. The Kuzhertaev foreign council included the Uzon , Tukchinsk, Balikagir, Hun and Chimchagir clans. There were 3 genera in the Ongotson foreign council: Sartotsky, Wakasilsky, and Lyunikersky [36] .

Non-Ligud (non-liud). The genera Dulikagir (Duligad), Koltagir (Keltegir), Bayagir (Bayagid), Pocegore (Pochegir), Lunikir (Lunikir), Balikagir, Chelkagir, Chemagir (Chimchinut), Wakaki (Ukrainian), Shunin, Kazeysky (Cai) tribe non-religion (non-religion) [5] [6] [21] . The vakagil branch is mentioned in the composition of the genus Wakara [36] , and the senkagir branch in the genus Luniker [21] .

Bayagid: First Bayagir, Second Bayagir birth [36] .

Duligad. Two groups of the genus Duligaad are distinguished: noyon duligaad (gantimurov duligaad, prince-duligatsky), hometown duligaad (duligatsky house) [5] . The Duligatsky families are also the genera Nero and Sukhan, each of which was allocated into a small administrative unit [33] . In addition to them, administrative clans were distinguished in the genus Duligaad: first-Duligar (first-Duligat), second-Duligar (second-Duligat) [36] . In Mongolia , carriers of the following family names are registered: house dulgat, house duligaad, house duligaat, house duligad, house duligat, dulga, dulgad, duligaad, duligad, duligat, noyen duligaad, noyen duligad, nooyon duligat [39] .

Namyad. The Namyad tribe (Namyasins) includes the following genera: Kara-Namyad (Khar Namyad), Sino-Namyad [5] [21] (Chino-Namyat) [4] , Shara-Namyad, Poinkin, konur, Dolod, Chipchinud, Dzhaltchi (Dzaltod) , dzhaltod, zaltuud, zheltotsky) [5] [21] .

Telenbin family. The number of Telenbin (Telembin) births include: Saradul, Oulad, Hargana, Namyad, Uzon (Uzon, Uzzied) , Chilchagir [27] .

Uzon. In the genus Uzon, the following branches are known: Shono Uzon, Agaalai Uzon [5] , Zaylar Uzon [22] , Uzen, Uzen [40] , Uzon Songol [41] . Carriers of the following family names live in Mongolia: өзөөд, өзөөн, үжэээд, үзээн, үзөөн, өзөөт, үзон, өзээд, үзэн, өзэд, өзэдн, өзэднөөү, үзэднүү, үзэднүү, үзэднүү, үзэднүү, үзэднүү, өзөөд боржигон, өзээт, үзээн хамниган, үзээнүүд, чоно өзөөд [39] . See the article Patterns for more details.

Uryanhai-Tugchin. The Uryankhai-Tugchin clan consists of four divisions: Naiman (Naimanguud, Naimantan) , Taban (Tabanaguud, Tabanguud, Tabantan) , Hatakin (Hatagin, Khatakhin) , Undzal (Unzal, Unzadal) [5] .

Yabininsky clan. In the composition of the Yapravinsky (Eravninsky) births, the following births were noted: tabangut (tabnangut) [4] , vacara, pochegor, casey, Shuninsky [27] .

Barguzin hamnigans. In addition to the Onon and Armak Hamnigans, the Barguzin Hamnigans stand out separately. Among the Barguzin hamnigans, such genera were noted as limagir (incl. Tepkagir [42] (tapkogir [43] , tapkagir [44] )), balikagir, namegir (namyat, namyasintsy), stoker, kindigir (incl. Lakshikagir [45] ), chilchagir (incl. yakal, chalkagir [42] (cholkogir) [43] ), nyakugir, shamagir, mungal (incl. asivagat , haldzogir [42] (galdegir) [43] , tsongolir [42] (chongolir) [43] ) , hindagat, balirgan, bakariet, bulteger, kutchit, tuluyagir [42] , ngodyagir [43] .

Other births. A number of genera are known in the literature that took part in the ethnogenesis of the Buryat people and are called Hamnigan by some sources and Tungus by others. So, as part of the Ekhirite genus Olson, there is a branch of Bagdal, ascending to the Armak Hamnigans [46] . The structure of the Ekhirite clan Khamnai-shono includes the zuhedei-shono branch, which along the female line goes back to the Hamnigan clan zuhedei [47] . The structure of the Tunka Buryats includes the Hamnigan clan of sack [23] .

Hamnigans of Mongolia. Among the Hamnigan, the following genera are found in Mongolia: Altancan, Barguzhin , Bayagid, Bodindor, Bodonguud, Gavunag, Gorlud, Guchid, Geneekin, Dagaanhan, Daguur , Dolaar, Dolood, Duliasel, Duligaad, Dariyalzaldegalde (Zalizaetzalde), , kimor, kөndө, lүneekir, mekaerchin, namiad, neften, onholig, өrlүүd, pөinkin, sartuul [48] (bambadain sartuul, bambachaan sartuul, bahahashil sartuul (bahashil sartuultu, sartuultu,) 49] , gachinh sartuul, makhan sartuul, modorgon sartuul, shinzheek sartuul [33] , b uyanta sartuul [50] , hatagin sartuul (hatigan sartuul)), neften saarduul (nүbtөөn saaraduul) [5] , saarduul, songhol , hartuud (hartuud), holoon, tiiverge, tugchin, uovchanan, uladan, uliad, ulad, , үзөөн, үherdee, halbid, halzanguud, hangid , hatakin , hөshүүr, hulanta, huurgad, huuchid , tsakhar (har hөlt tsakhar, tsagaan hөlt tsahar), tsoochor , tsemtsegad, shigg shigg shigg shigүүgg shigүүgg shigүүgg shigүүgg shigg shigg shigg shigg shigg shigg shigg chigg , bagdaran (Bagdarin) [51] , bagshinar, balhigar, bambaday, bambachaan, baahanshil (baahashil) gurinka, dүneekir, lүneeken, modongor, modorgon, hartu l (hartuul) tooshil, shimzheeg, sheenhir (shvenkigir) ereegen (eregen, yreegen, eremgen) [52] [53] [54] , hashigin, hotogoyd [55] [56] .

Carriers of the following family names live in Mongolia: Genee Hamnigan, Dolod Hamnigan, өөzn Hamnigan, Sartuul Hamnigan, Tugchin Hamnigan, Үzeen Hamnigan, Hamnigad, Hamnigan, Hamnigan Buriad, Hamnigan Halh.

See also

  • Buryat ethnic groups, tribes and clans
  • Mongolian peoples

Literature

  • Peoples and religions of the world : Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. V.A. Tishkov . Editorial board: O. Yu. Artyomova , S. A. Arutyunov , A. N. Kozhanovsky , V. M. Makarevich (deputy head of editorial board), V. A. Popov , P. I. Puchkov (deputy head of chapter Ed.), G. Yu. Sitnyansky . - M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia , 1998, - S. 593: ill. - ISBN 5-85270-155-6 .
  • Peoples of the World: Encyclopedia / Under. ed. L. M. Mints. - M .: OLMA Media Group, 2007 .-- 638 p.: Ill. - ISBN 5-373-01057-X
  • Gorokhov S. N. Evenki // Peoples and religions of the world: Encyclopedia / Ed. V.A. Tishkov. - M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1998. - S. 649-650.
  • Zhukovskaya N. L. Hamnigans // Peoples and religions of the world: Encyclopedia / Ed. V.A. Tishkov. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1998 - S. 593.
  • Mokshin N.F. Evenki // Peoples of the World: Encyclopedia / Ed. L. M. Mintz. - M .: OLMA Media Group, 2007 - S. 606-608.
  • Damdinov D.G. Oh, the ancestral home of the Mongols. Ulan-Ude, 2005.
  • Gruntov I.A. Hamnigan language // Languages ​​of the Russian Federation and neighboring states: Encyclopedia: in 3 volumes / Editorial board: V. A. Vinogradov , E. R. Tenishev (†), V. M. Solntsev (†), A. M. Shakhnarovich (†), E. A. Potseluevsky , G. A. Davydova; Reviewers: O. A. Kazakevich , T. B. Kryuchkova; Institute of Linguistics RAS . - M .: Nauka , 2005 .-- T. 3 (S — Z). - S. 293-301. - 608 p. - 1200 copies. - ISBN 5-02-011267-4 , ISBN 5-02-011237-2 .
  • Nanzatov B.Z. Tribal structure of the Buryats in the 19th century // Peoples and cultures of Siberia. Interaction as a factor in the formation and modernization: Collection of articles. - Irkutsk, 2003 .-- S. 15-27.
  • Tsydendambaev C. B. Buryat historical chronicles and genealogies. Historical and linguistic research. - Ulan-Ude: Buryat book publishing house, 1972. - 664 p.
  • Tsydendambaev C. B. Buryat historical chronicles and genealogies as sources on the history of the Buryat. - Ulan-Ude: Resp. typ., 2001 .-- 255 p.

Links

  • The material culture of Onon hamnigans in the article " The exhibition" History and Culture of Onon Hamnigans "opened on Old Chita .

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 Gruntov I. A. Essay on the grammar of the Hamnigan language // Encyclopedia “Languages ​​of the Russian Federation and neighboring states”
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 Damdinov D. G. Zakamenskie (Armak) Hamnigans // Ethnographic collection, issue 6. Ulan-Ude, 1974, pp. 50–55; Oh, the ancestral home of the Mongols. Ulan-Ude, 2005.S. 40–47.
  3. ↑ 1 2 Damdinov D.G. Buddhism in Transbaikalia // Narodnaya Gazeta. Chita, April 14, 1995; Oh, the ancestral home of the Mongols. Ulan-Ude, 2005.S. 153-157
  4. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Nanzatov B.Z. Shunduin Hamnigans in the 19th Century: Ethnic Composition and Resettlement // Oriental Studies. - 2018.- T. 3 , No. 3 . - S. 54-60 .
  5. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 D. G. Damdinov. D. G. Damdinov is a researcher of the Hamnigan ethnic group. - Ulan-Ude: Buryaad Onen, 2010 .-- 140 p.
  6. ↑ 1 2 Origin of the Tungus prince Gantimur according to onomastics. - A. Solomin. - S - Catalog of articles - Cities and fortresses of the Siberian land (Neopr.) . ostrog.ucoz.ru. Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
  7. ↑ Juha Janhunen. Manchuria: An Ethnic History . - Finno-Ugrian Society, 1996-01-01. - 356 p. - ISBN 9789519403847 .
  8. ↑ Damdinov D. G. On the Origin of the Onon Hamnigans. // From the history of the peoples of Buryatia. Ulan-Ude, 1962, S. 169-178; Oh, the ancestral home of the Mongols. Ulan-Ude, 2005. S. 5-16.
  9. ↑ Damdinov D.G. Preliminary data on the Hamnigan language of the Chita region. // Brief Communications of the BKNII, Issue 4. Ulan-Ude, 1962, S. 128-137; Oh, the ancestral home of the Mongols. Ulan-Ude, 2005. S. 16-28
  10. ↑ Damdinov D. G. On Horse Tunguses of the East Transbaikalia // Problems of Ethnogenesis of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East. Novosibirsk, 1973. S. 138-139; Oh, the ancestral home of the Mongols. Ulan-Ude, 2005.S. 28-30.
  11. ↑ Damdinov D. G. Western Mongolian features in the dialect of Onon hamnigans // Problems of Altai Studies and Mongolian Studies, issue 2. 1975, P. 150-161; Oh, the ancestral home of the Mongols. Ulan-Ude, 2005.P. 57–67.
  12. ↑ Damdinov D.G. Preliminary data on the Hamnigan language of the Chita region. To the question of the origin of Onon hamnigans // Brief Communications of the BKNII, Issue 4. Ulan-Ude, 1962, P. 128-137; Oh, the ancestral home of the Mongols. Ulan-Ude, 2005.S. 16–28.
  13. ↑ Gorokhov S.N. 1998: 649-650.
  14. ↑ Zhukovskaya N.L. 1998: 593.
  15. ↑ Mokshin N.F. 2007: 606-608.
  16. ↑ Damdinov D.G. Zakamenskie (Armak) Hamnigans (Neopr.) . fond-tatiana.ru. Date of treatment June 13, 2018.
  17. ↑ Rassadin V.I., Snagdarov L.D., Dyrkheeva G.A. Ethno-cultural vocabulary of the Mongolian languages . - Ulan-Ude: BSC SB RAS, 1994 .-- S. 146. - 178 p.
  18. ↑ Galsanova I. B. Some prerequisites for the formation of traditional culture are being drilled .
  19. ↑ Zakamensky district - The Legend of Minaahai ( Neopr .) . zakamensk.3dn.ru. Circulation date May 22, 2019.
  20. ↑ Zakamensky district - Baruun Taabay (neopr.) . zakamensk.3dn.ru. Circulation date May 22, 2019.
  21. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dolgikh B.O. The clan and tribal composition of the peoples of Siberia in the 17th century - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960 .-- 621 p.
  22. ↑ 1 2 Bogdanov M.N. Essays on the History of the Buryat-Mongolian People. - 3rd ed .. - Ulan-Ude: Publishing House of the Buryat State University, 2014. - 304 p. - ISBN 978-5-9793-0654-4 .
  23. ↑ 1 2 Nanzatov B.Z. The tribal structure is drilled in the XIX century // Peoples and cultures of Siberia. Interaction as a factor in the formation and modernization. - 2003. - S. 15-27 .
  24. ↑ Damdinov D.G. Onon Hamnigans: Historical and Ethnographic Essay . - Social science. Siberia Center, 1993. - S. 21. - 57 p.
  25. ↑ Ү э э э Хор Хор Хор Baahshil (neopr.) . Э э э э Хор Хор Хор Хор Хор Хор оо оо. Circulation date May 14, 2019.
  26. ↑ 1 2 Nanzatov B.Z. Urulginsky cauldron: interaction of Dagurs, Solon, Mongols, Manchu, Buryats and Evenks in the east of Buryatia // Bulletin of BSC SB RAS. - 2012. - No. 3 (7) .
  27. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Zhamsaranova R. G. Genomes of the Tungus and Buryat foreigners of the Nerchinsk district of Turkic language origin (based on revision inventories of the 18th-19th centuries) // Siberian Journal of Philology. - 2011. - Issue. 1 . - S. 142-150 . - ISSN 1813-7083 .
  28. ↑ Shubin A.S. A brief outline of the ethnic history of the Evenki Transbaikalia . - Buryat. Prince Publishing House, 1973. - 118 p.
  29. ↑ Belikov V.V. Evenki of Buryatia: history and modernity . - BSC SB RAS, 1994. - 182 p.
  30. ↑ Ushnitsky V.V. The riddle of the Merkit tribe: the problem of origin and offspring // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Story. - 2013. - Issue. 1 (21) . - S. 191-195 . - ISSN 1998-8613 .
  31. ↑ Monumenta Altaica: I. Gruntov. A grammar sketch of the Hamnigan language (Neopr.) . altaica.ru. Date of treatment June 14, 2018.
  32. ↑ Tsydendambaev Ts. B. Buryat historical chronicles and genealogies. Historical and linguistic research. - Ulan-Ude: Buryat book publishing house, 1972. - 664 p.
  33. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ochir A. Mongolian ethnonyms: questions of the origin and ethnic composition of the Mongolian peoples / Doctor of History E.P. Bakaev, Doctor of History K.V. Orlova. - Elista: KIGI RAS, 2016 .-- 286 p. - ISBN 978-5-903833-93-1 .
  34. ↑ Gomboeva S.V. Solons of China // Bulletin of BSU. Humanitarian Studies of Inner Asia. - 2015. - No. 1 .
  35. ↑ 1 2 Kradin N.N., Yankov A.G. Aginsky and Ust-Hordes: comparative characteristics of the identity of Western and Eastern Buryats // Ural Historical Bulletin. Ethnocultural dynamics. - 2017. - No. 2 (55) . - S. 96-105 .
  36. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Zhamsaranova R. G. Religion and the number and clan composition of the Tungus of the Urulginskaya Steppe Duma of the XIX century (neopr.) . CyberLenink. Date of treatment June 14, 2018.
  37. ↑ History of Buryatia. In 3 t. T. II. XVII - beginning of XX century - Ulan-Ude: BSC SB RAS, 2011 .-- 624 p. - ISBN 978-5-7925-0325-0 .
  38. ↑ From the history of the peoples of Buryatia . - Buryat Book Publishing House, 1962.
  39. ↑ 1 2 3 Ү э э э Хор Хор Хор Хор оо оо оо не (neopr.) . Э э э э Хор Хор Хор Хор Хор Хор оо оо. Date of treatment February 7, 2019.
  40. ↑ Nanzatov B.Z., Sodnompilova M.M. Selenginsky Buryats in the 19th century: ethnic composition and resettlement (southwest area) // Bulletin of the BSC SB RAS. - 2019 .-- No. 1 (33) . - S. 126-134 .
  41. ↑ Nanzatov B.Z. Ethno-territorial groups and ethnic composition are drilled in modern Mongolia (based on field research) // Bulletin of the BSC SB RAS.
  42. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Nanzatov B.Z. Barguzinsky district in the 19th century (Issues of the ethnic history of the region and the ethnic composition of the population) // Bulletin of the BSC SB RAS. - 2015. - No. 2 (18) .
  43. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 History of the village of Ulyunkhan - Local History Portal of Buryatia and Ulan-Ude. Information portal Native village , selorodnoe.ru . Date of treatment November 13, 2018.
  44. ↑ Report on a business trip to the Kurumkansky district from December 20 to 23 by employees of the Tatiana Public Foundation, Badmaeva M. B., Badmaev V. Yu., Vachelanov R. N. (neopr.) . fond-tatiana.ru. Date of treatment November 13, 2018.
  45. ↑ Historical data. Regional public fund for the development of the peoples of the North of Buryatia "Tatyana" (neopr.) . fond-tatiana.ru. Date of treatment July 30, 2018.
  46. ↑ I am from the Baghdal clan - The local history portal of Buryatia and Ulan-Ude. Information portal Native village , selorodnoe.ru . Date of appeal September 20, 2018.
  47. ↑ Baldaev S.P. Genealogical legends and traditions are drilled. Part 1 - Ulan-Ude, 1970.
  48. ↑ 1 2 Hamnigan - Mongolyn tүүkhiyn taylbar tol (neopr.) .
  49. ↑ Sartuul ugsaag mөshgөhүy (English) . Eh tүүhee surtalchilna. Date of treatment June 26, 2018.
  50. ↑ Galeghamtsyn Tserenhand. Mongolchuud: ugsaa-soyol, zan zanish . - Admon, 2005 .-- S. 93. - 234 p.
  51. ↑ Damdinov D.G. Onon Hamnigans: Historical and Ethnographic Essay . - Social science. Siberia Center, 1993. - S. 21. - 57 p.
  52. ↑ Mongol ovog aymguud (neopr.) . Date of treatment January 4, 2019.
  53. ↑ Mongol Ovogton. Hamnigan (neopr.) . www.angelfire.com. Date of treatment July 28, 2018.
  54. ↑ Mongol Tuurgatan: Бүх Mongol Yastan ( Neopr .) . mongol_tuuragatan.blog.gogo.mn. Date of treatment July 28, 2018.
  55. ↑ The first song and poetry contest Hamnigan (Rus.) Took place . Date of appeal October 16, 2018.
  56. ↑ The First Hamnigan Festival - August 18, 2018 - "The Aginian Truth" (Neopr.) . www.aginsk-pravda.ru. Date of appeal October 16, 2018.
Source - https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title= Hamnigans&oldid = 101324500


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