Golden crucian carp , or common crucian carp [1] , or round crucian carp [2] ( lat. Carassius carassius ) is a species of ray-finned fish from the carp family.
| Goldfish |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
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| International scientific name |
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Carassius carassius ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) |
| Security status |
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Least ConcernedIUCN 3.1 Least Concern : 3849 |
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Content
Distribution of the species: widespread in Europe and Siberia from Great Britain and Scandinavia in the north to Macedonia and Northern Italy in the south, and further east: North and Central Asia to northern China.
The maximum body length is 36 cm, weight up to 1.5 kg, life expectancy 10-15 years. The body is short, high, almost rounded, slightly flattened laterally, covered with smooth scales, the back is thickened. On each last unbranched ray of the dorsal and anal fins there are about 30 small denticles. The upper edge of the dorsal fin is convex. The body cavity is light (red). The general color background is golden or copper yellow. The back is dark, greenish-brown, the sides are golden, the belly is yellowish, the fins are grayish-red, the iris is yellowish. The fry at the end of the caudal stem usually have a dark spot or dark girdle.
Freshwater lake-river bottom flock vein fish, very resistant to adverse conditions, in particular, oxygen deficiency and fluctuations in water temperature, withstands water salinity up to 7-12 ‰. Lives mainly in lakes, reservoirs, ponds, less often - in rivers, mainly in their additional system, in places with a weak current. Usually kept areas with very well developed underwater and surface vegetation, which forms thickets, and with silty or sandy-silty soil and avoids open spaces. In overgrown, abandoned water bodies, for example, in old quarries or forest lakes, where he remains almost the only inhabitant, this crucian degenerates into a tall, low-body dwarf form. It reaches puberty with a body length of 13-16 cm and a weight of 90-150 g, less often at 10-12 cm and a weight of more than 50 g, males aged 2-3 years, females 3-4 years old. The dwarf form of crucian carp spawns for the first time with a body length of 7-9 cm and a mass of 20-30 g. Reproduction from April to the end of July. Portion spawning (beginning at a water temperature of 14 ° C, high at 17-18 ° C, ending at 22-24 ° C), occurs in shallow water. Caviar is sticky; it is deposited on last year's and vegetative vegetation. At a water temperature of 20-23 ° C, the larvae hatch from fertilized eggs in 3-7 days. The juveniles feed on small organisms of plankton and benthos. Adults consume benthos (larvae of insects, worms, mollusks, etc.) and underwater lower and higher vegetation.
Subspecies - Yakut crucian carp , Far Eastern crucian carp .
