Iramba (alternative names: ilamba, langi, aniramba, pambi ) - the people of the Bantu group in Tanzania , who lives in the Singida region in the vicinity of Mount Kinyangiri. Close peoples: nyatura, sukuma , nyamwezi . According to a census conducted in 2002, the population of the iramb was 368,131. According to some estimates, the number of Iramba may exceed 405,000.
Language and Religion
The people speak the language of iramba (ilamba, nilamba). Most irambs adhere to traditional beliefs, a small part of Christians and Sunni Muslims .
Society
The kinship account is matrilinear . Matrilocal marriage, when the couple live in the community of his wife. The social organization is based on tribal genealogical ties forming a tribal structure.
Housekeeping
Traditional farming includes manual tropical farming (eleusisina, sorghum , corn , legumes , cassava ) and cattle breeding in distant form (cattle and small cattle). The division of labor is carried out by gender and age, depending on industries and season. The main agricultural activities (sowing, care, harvesting, processing, distribution of products) are carried out by women. The preparation of the field for sowing women is carried out together with men. The male population is mainly engaged in cattle breeding .
Iramba developed such crafts as wood carving (small sculpture, utensils), weaving from vegetable fibers (baskets, vessels, mats, small utensils), and the manufacture of metal jewelry.
Culture
The settlements have a heap layout. The traditional dwelling is quadrangular in plan, the walls are deepened into the ground, woven from branches and twigs, coated with clay, the wicker skeleton of the four-pitched tent roof is supported by pillars. Often the huts of one household stand close to one another. Thus, they form an inner quadrangular courtyard - a corral for livestock, where it is placed after grazing in a pasture.
Traditional men's clothing is short pants and a shirt made of cotton fabric, and women's clothing is a long cotton casual dress or short-sleeved shirt and skirt. Rough sandals on his feet.
The main vegetable food is cereals, beans, cereals with hot spices on pepper, vegetable and vegetable oil sauces, vegetables , fruits , sour-milk products , and rare meat .
Iramba has rich oral creativity, dance and musical folklore . In addition, totemism and veneration of the spirits of ancestors is still widespread.
Literature
- Kalinovskaya K.P. Iramba // Peoples and religions of the world / Chapters. ed. V.A. Tishkov . M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1999.