Philip Walhouse Chetwood, 1st Baron Chetwood
| Philip Wallhouse Chetwood | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philip Walhouse Chetwode, The Lord Chetwode | ||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | September 21, 1869 | |||||||||
| Place of Birth | Westminster , London , UK | |||||||||
| Date of death | July 6, 1950 (aged 80) | |||||||||
| Place of death | Marylebone , London , UK | |||||||||
| Affiliation |  Great Britain British army | |||||||||
| Type of army | cavalry | |||||||||
| Years of service | 1889 - 1935 | |||||||||
| Rank | field marshal | |||||||||
| Commanded | Commander-in-Chief in India | |||||||||
| Battles / wars | Colonial expedition in Burma, Second Boer War , World War I | |||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
Foreign awards
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| Retired | since 1935 | |||||||||
Content
Biography
From an old aristocratic family. His father bore the title of baronet , after his death in 1905, Chetwood inherited it and became a baronet himself. He graduated from the privileged Eton College , after which he enrolled in the police forces . He served in the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire light infantry.
Start of military service
In 1889 he achieved transfer to the regular army and was enlisted in the 19th hussar regiment. In 1892 - 1893 he fought in Burma as part of another colonial expedition aimed at suppressing the national liberation movement. In 1899 - 1901 he participated in the second Boer War , distinguished himself in the three-month defense of Ladysmith from the Boer forces. Awarded the Order.
Immediately after the assignment of an officer rank, he was sent to British India , from 1889 he served in the Aldershot military camp in the metropolis, from 1895 in the coastal artillery in Malta , from 1897 in Portsmouth . He graduated from Headquarters College in Camberley in 1899 .
Pre-War
He continued to serve in his regiment. In 1906 he was appointed assistant secretary of war. In 1908 he was appointed commander of the 19th hussar regiment, in which he completed the entire previous service. Since 1912, he commanded one of the first British automobile parts - a motorized brigade in London .
World War I
With the outbreak of World War I, he was appointed commander of the 5th Cavalry Brigade, transferred to France and fought as part of the British Expeditionary Force . Member of the Battle of Marne , the Battle of Aene , the second battle of Ypres .
In 1915 he was appointed commander of the 2nd Cavalry Division, which was transferred to Egypt . From this time until the end of the war he fought in the Middle East theater of war . He participated in major operations against Turkish troops on the Palestinian Front : in three battles at Gaza , the Jerusalem operation and in the battle of Megiddo . In 1916, he commanded the desert horse corps , since 1917 - the 20th Army Corps .
Post-war time
After the war he was transferred to the metropolis and in 1919 became the Secretary of War of the British War Department. Since 1920 - Assistant Chief of the Imperial General Staff. In 1922 - 1927 - Adjutant General of the Ministry of War. Since 1923 - Commander-in-Chief of the forces of the largest in the UK Aldershot military camp. In 1926 he received the rank of general .
Since 1927 he was adjutant general of King George V (until 1931). In October 1928 he was transferred to British India and appointed chief of the General Staff of the Indian Army. Since November 1930 - Commander-in-Chief in British India. In 1933 he was promoted to field marshal . He reorganized the Indian Army. In 1932, on his initiative, the Academy of the Indian Army was founded, which, after gaining independence by India , became the national Military Academy of the General Staff. In memory of its creator, the building of the academy is called the “Chetwood House”, on the wall in the hall of the academy, its quote on the appointment of an officer in the army is carved.
Retired
In November 1935 he retired. From 1943 to 1948 he was constable of the Tower of London . He held many honorary posts and positions, in particular, was President of the British Royal Geographical Society . In 1945 he was awarded the title of Baron Chetwood.
Rewards
British Awards
- Knight of the Great Cross of the Order of the Bath ( GCB , 1929 )
- Commander of the Order of Merit ( OM , 1936 )
- Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India ( GCSI , 1930 )
- Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George ( KCMG , 1917 )
- Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath ( CWS , 1918 )
- Knight of the Order of Outstanding Merit ( DSO , 1900 )
Foreign Awards
- Cavalier of the Military Cross 1914-1918 ( France )
- Chevalier of the Badge on a large ribbon of the Order of the Nile ( Egypt )
- Order "For Military Valor" V degree ( Poland , 02/15/1942)
- Cavalier of the Order of the Holy Treasure ( Japan )
Literature
- Zalessky K. A. Who was who in the First World War. - M .: AST ; Astrel, 2003 .-- 896 p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-019670-9 (ACT); ISBN 5-271-06895-1 (Astrel).
- The British Field Marshals 1736-1997 , Tony Heathcote, Pen & Sword Books Ltd, 1999, ISBN 0-85052-696-5