Leen Kulman ( Helena / Helene Andreevna Kulman ; January 31, 1920 , Tartu , Estonia , March 6, 1943 , Tartu , Estonian General District , Reichskommissariat Ostland ) - Soviet intelligence agent, junior political officer , Hero of the Soviet Union.
| Lean Kulman (Helena Andreevna Kulman) | |
|---|---|
| est. Leen (Helene) Kullman | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | January 31, 1920 |
| Place of Birth | Tartu , Estonia |
| Date of death | March 6, 1943 (23 years old) |
| A place of death | Tartu , Estonian General District , Reich Commissariat Ostland |
| Affiliation |  the USSR |
| Type of army | sanitary units, intelligence |
| Years of service | 1942-1943 |
| Rank | junior political instructor  |
| Part | 7th Infantry Division (2nd formation) |
| Battles / wars | The Great Patriotic War |
| Awards and prizes |   |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Awards
- 3 Memory
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
- 6 References
Biography
Lean Kulman was born on January 31, 1920 in Tartu, the sixth child in a large family of shoemaker Andres Kulman. In 1927, she entered the 1st Tartu City School, where she studied until 1931, then studied at the 5th Tartu School, which she graduated in 1933, and the Tallinn Pedagogical School.
In 1932, Lean's father died, leaving five young children dependent on his mother; in the same year, the girl’s closest girlfriend, Maiga Berzin, whose parents adopted her, died.
After Estonia joined the USSR , she joined the Komsomol and studied at the Tallinn Pedagogical Institute. In 1941, Lean received the specialty of a teacher of an incomplete secondary school.
In March 1941 she began working as a Komsomol of the 4th Tallinn High School.
With the outbreak of World War II she went to the draft board, asked to send her to the front, but she was refused. Since August 1941, in evacuation, she worked on the Leninsky Way collective farm in the Nyazepetrovsky district of the Chelyabinsk region .
In January 1942, she left for the Red Army as a fighter of the medical battalion of the 7th Estonian Rifle Division . Later she was sent to Leningrad and under the name of Linda Tulliman she was trained in a reconnaissance school.
On the night of September 13-14, 1942, it was landed behind enemy lines in the vicinity of the city of Tartu. She settled in Tartu with her sister. Her task was to monitor the movement of Wehrmacht troops in the area of Lake Peipsi , and the enemy naval forces in the port of Pärnu .
Between September 14, 1942 and January 2, 1943, Lean Kulman transmitted several dozen radiograms to the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet about the situation in Estonia's Pärnu, Tallinn, Tartu County and Võruma County. Based on her data, a Soviet submarine sank German transport in the Pärnu region [1] . Among the information that Lean Kuhlman collected and transmitted: information about the absence of large enemy ships on Lake Peipsi, data on coast protection on the Mustvee – Vasknarva section, the nature and quantity of weapons of units of the “ Estonian Legion ” [2] .
On January 2, 1943, Lean Kuhlman was arrested at the Oääre farm near the village of Luutsniku in the Võru region, where her sister and her husband lived. All her relatives were arrested with her: sister Olga Miagi with her husband August Miagi, as well as sisters and mother in Tartu.
During a search in the mattress, a transmitter was found. Lean was placed at the disposal of the political police of the city of Võru , and on January 4, 1943, was transferred to the external detective police in Pskov as a Soviet intelligence agent.
March 6, 1943 was shot by a fascist from the Omakaitse organization .
Evgenia Katseva , who taught Leen radio business, recalled [3] :
With one Estonian, Lean Kulman, I even made friends. We were the same age, both studied philology, both somehow spoke German (she spoke Russian even worse). She taught me a hundred Estonian words (we counted!), Which, never needed, peacefully fell asleep in my memory, and a few songs - I almost remember them ...
... And then, when at the beginning of January 1943 I was called to the unit commander, captain of the third rank Podoshkin, I thought with fear: “Lord, what have I done again?” ... What does this call for a call to the authorities? I enter the office, report who came "according to your order," and freeze at attention. Podoshkin standing reading out: “A fiery New Year’s greetings to the unforgettable girl to the instructor”, with the resolution of the Vice Admiral: “Report to the foreman the second article of Katseva.” “She is alive, my Linda, is alive!” I sobbed, immediately imagining that she had gone to the forest on a winter night specially for this greetings, spread her radio equipment, “how lonely she was ... It was her penultimate encryption, the transmitter was already direction finding, she was soon captured and shot.
Two decades later, after Lean was conferred the title of Hero, the encryption text in the book about her was modified in order to give it a more patriotic sound: the place of the “unforgettable instructor girl” was taken by the “unforgettable Motherland”. Although, strictly speaking, when this Motherland could have become “unforgettable” for a young Estonian, since Estonia was included in the Soviet Union only in 1940?
Rewards
- By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 8, 1965, reconnaissance officer of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet Kulman Helena Andreevna "for special merits, courage and heroism shown in the struggle against Nazi invaders during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously [4] .
- Order of Lenin .
Memory
| External Images | |
|---|---|
| Annotation board on the street H. A. Kulman in Minsk. | |
- The name Lean Kuhlman was entered in the Book of Honor of the Komsomol Central Committee [5] .
- In Tartu, near the Tartu GPTU, a monument to Leen Kuhlman was erected [5] .
- In Minsk, at the house number 2 on the street to them. H. A. Kuhlman a memorial plaque is installed.
- Also named after Lean Kuhlman were named:
- streets in Tartu, Minsk , Nyazepetrovsk [5] ;
- Tallinn Pedagogical College [5] ;
- school number 1 in the city of Võru , as well as the pioneer squad of this school [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Sindel E.A. Eternally Alive. - Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1984. - S. 54–61.
- ↑ Masolov N. When the rocks collapse // Heroes. Essays on women - Heroes of the Soviet Union. / ed. L.F. Toropov. - Issue 1. - M .: Politizdat , 1969. - S. 307-317.
- ↑ Evgenia Katseva . My personal trophy
- ↑ Levchenko G.I. H. Kh. A. Kulman // Together with the fleet. Unknown memoirs of an admiral. - M .: Algorithm, 2015 .-- 320 p. - (Marshals of Stalin). - ISBN 978-5-906798-11-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Kulman Helena Andreevna // Heroes of the Soviet Union: A Brief Biographical Dictionary / Prev. ed. collegium I. N. Shkadov . - M .: Military Publishing , 1987.- T. 1 / Abaev - Lyubichev /. - S. 818. - 911 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN comp., Reg. RCP No. 87-95382.
Literature
- The Voice of Youth of May 10, 1965
- "Youth of Estonia" of May 22, 1965
- Edasi of June 22, 1965
- Letters of the Hero of the Soviet Union to Helena Kulman sister. August 24-26, 1942 // The fallen heroes say: the dying letters of Soviet fighters against the Nazi invaders (1941-1945) / comp. V.A. Kondratiev, Z. N. Politov. 6th ed., Rev. and add. - M. , Politizdat, 1979. - S. 99-101.
- Heroes of war. - Tallinn, 1984. - S. 191-192.
- Karpenko P. Correspondent "KS-19" // Operation "Blue Triangle": stories about the KGB of Estonia / comp. I.P. Papulovsky, V.R. Murk. - Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1988.
- Karpenko P.G., Noskov Yu.D. Daughter of the Republic. - Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1968.
- Lurie V. M., Kochik V. Ya. GRU: affairs and people (Russia in persons) . - M .: Olma-Press , 2003 .-- S. 419.
- Lyndin V. Leap into immortality. // Meet me after the assignment. - M .: DOSAAF Publishing House , 1973. - S. 152-175.
Links
- Kuhlman, Leen . Site " Heroes of the country ".
- Letters of the Hero of the Soviet Union Helena Kulman to her sister (Russian)