Shiitake [1] [2] [3] ( Jap. 椎 茸 、 香蕈 si: take ) , also shiitake [2] , edible [2] , Japanese forest mushroom [2] ( Latin Lentinula edodes ) - edible mushroom , species of the genus Lentinula ( Lentinula ) of the family Negniynichnikovye ( Marasmiaceae ). The practice of food comes from China and Japan , and is currently actively cultivated around the world.
| Shiitake | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Shiitake in nature on a fallen birch trunk ( Betula sp. ). Hokkaido , Japan | ||||||||||||||
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||
| Latin name | ||||||||||||||
| Lentinula edodes ( Berk. ) Pegler , 1976 |
Content
Description
Shiitake is a saprotrophic macromycete : for its development, this fungus uses the organic substances of dead plants. In nature, shiitake grows in Southeast Asia on dead hardwood, especially genital Castanopsis ( Castanopsis cuspidata ). In Primorsky Krai, it is found on the wood of Mongolian oak ( Quercus mongolica ) and Amur linden ( Tilia amurensis ) [2] .
Usage
Cooking
Shiitake is widely used in Chinese , Korean and Japanese cuisines . Usually sold in dried form and soaked before use. Many people prefer such mushrooms to fresh ones due to small changes in taste during the drying process. Mushroom caps are usually used, as their legs are much stiffer than caps.
In medicine
Even during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), the doctorWu Juei wrote that shiitake can be used not only in food, but also as a medicine for upper respiratory tract diseases, poor blood circulation, liver diseases, exhaustion and weakness, as well as to increase the vitality of qi . It was believed that these fungi prevent premature aging.
In modern China and Japan, the fruiting bodies of the fungus are used to reduce body weight, blood cholesterol , and also for the treatment of impotence [1] .
In 1969, a lentinan preparation with high biological activity was obtained from fruiting bodies and shiitake biomass. Based on it, commercial medicines were created in Japan [1] .
It has been shown that the extract from the mycelium of the fungus has protective properties during chemotherapy , significantly reducing the number of pathologically altered cells that arise under the influence of antitumor drugs [3] .
Cultivation
In China and Japan, there is a long-standing culture of eating shiitake. These mushrooms have been grown here for over a thousand years. Some documents confirm that wild shiitake mushrooms were used for food two centuries BC [2] .
Shiitake is grown and sold in many countries, including Russia . The global production of shiitake at the beginning of the XXI century was about 800 thousand tons per year [2] .
Synonyms
The synonyms of the species include the following names:
- Agaricus edodes Berk. (1878) basionym
- Armillaria edodes ( Berk. ) Sacc. (1887)
- Armillaria edodes ( Berk. ) Sacc. (1887) f. edodes
- Armillaria edodes f. sterilis Iwade (1957)
- Collybia shiitake J. Schröt. (1886)
- Cortinellus edodes f. sterilis Iwade (1944)
- Cortinellus edodes ( Berk. ) S. Ito & S. Imai (1938)
- Cortinellus edodes ( Berk. ) S. Ito & S. Imai (1938) f. edodes
- Cortinellus shiitake ( J. Schröt. ) Henn. (1899)
- Lentinus edodes ( Berk. ) Singer (1941)
- Lentinus mellianus Lohwag (1918)
- Lentinus shiitake ( J. Schröt. ) Singer (1936)
- Lentinus tonkinensis Pat. (1890)
- Lepiota shiitake ( J. Schröt. ) Nobuj. Tanaka (1889)
- Mastoleucomyces edodes ( Berk. ) Kuntze (1891)
- Tricholoma shiitake ( J. Schröt. ) Lloyd (1918) [4]
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Babitskaya et al., 2004 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gukov et al., 2012 .
- ↑ 1 2 Ilyinsky et al., 2012 .
- ↑ Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, Kavaka 3: 20 (1976) (English) : taxonomy on Species Fungorum .
Literature
- Babitskaya V. G. et al. Biomedical basis for the use of medicinal mushrooms for biologically active additives // Medical and social personality ecology: status and prospects: Materials of the II Intern. conf. : [ arch. January 13, 2015 ] / Ans. ed. V.A. Prokasheva. - Mn. : BSU, 2004 .-- S. 154-158. - 264 p.
- Gukov G.V., Ivanov V.G., Komin P.A. Biological productivity of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler in the Primorsky Territory : [ arch. January 13, 2015 ] // Bulletin of the Irkutsk State Agricultural Academy: journal. - 2012. - Issue. 53. - S. 52-58.
- Ilyinsky N. N. et al. Cytological and cytogenetic changes in human blood T-lymphocytes under the influence of the antitumor drug adriamycin against the background of the introduction of extracts from mycelium shiitake mushrooms ( Lentinula edodes ) in vitro : [ arch. January 13, 2015 ] // Vestn. Tom. state University: Journal. - 2012. - No. 356. - S. 171-175.