Patrol ( French patrouille ) - a temporary formation ( group ), mobile (on foot, on horseback or in transport ) a small armed detachment assigned to inspect the area, maintain order or check security [1] [2] [3] .
A patrol as a group of military personnel (and sometimes a small unit ) in wartime can be assigned to monitor the enemy, protect and cover a certain area (strip, section) of defense . In peacetime, a patrol as a group of military personnel for patrolling in a garrison (garrison patrol ) or within the boundaries of a military camp (internal patrol ). The website of the Russian Ministry of Defense indicates that patrols can also be assigned to the military automobile inspection ( WAI ) of the garrison [4] .
Previously, a patrol was defined as a night detour made by military personnel ( soldiers ) for the safety of the city, to bypass city streets [5] , or the camp and also the group itself (detachment) making this detour. In the Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, patrol is defined as a small detachment of soldiers assigned to bypass , patrol, and to check guards and sentries .
In Russia, the use of the word came with hired servicemen of the elected regiments of the Russian army .
The Russian synonym is patrol - “ patrol ” [6] or rund [7] ; there is also the word " patrol ", in this case meaning horse patrol [8] . In the Sytin Military Encyclopedia , it is indicated that the term patrol is withdrawn from official use, and the term “ patrol ” is used in the current charter of the field service ( 1912 edition ). The watch may be reconnaissance, security, and others [4] . The military encyclopedia clarified that there were 4 types of patrols : marching, sentry, for communication and calibration [9]
Content
History
A patrol (word) comes from the French - patrouille (“night watch”), from patrouiller (“ bypass , watch, guard”), originally “wander through the mud”, possibly from the old French - patouiller (“slap through the mud” ") Or from patte - (" paw, hoof ").
The person who is part of the patrol is called “ patrol ”, the actions of the patrol are called “ patrol ”. The tasks of a patrol can be carried out by the armed forces , internal troops , police , departmental security and the like. Patrolling can be done:
- on foot;
- on horseback;
- on cars (auto patrol) or motorcycles (motor patrol);
- on armored vehicles;
- it can also be carried out by aviation - air patrol (airplanes, helicopters, and so on), ships and so on.
Also, patrols are called civilian groups that monitor some objects or territories in order to control, verify or guard them:
- forest (or green) patrol
- river (or blue) patrol
- ice patrol
- radio meteor patrol
- bear patrol
- other.
A group of scouts is called the Scout Patrol.
Russian Armed Forces
In the Russian imperial army , in accordance with the charter of the garrison service, the patrol dressed up:
- from the guard, including at least two people - to verify the duty of the sentries (the terminology of that time, the serviceability of the sentries, as well as in the case of any incident - to find out and report about it, as well as to observe the order among the lower ranks in the adjacent to the barracks of the area);
- to help the police (on foot or on horseback (called traveling)) to maintain public order, by special order of the commanders of troops in the districts .
In the Russian Armed Forces of the modern period, for the protection and defense of garrison facilities, maintaining military discipline, order and monitoring compliance with military discipline by servicemen on the streets and in other public places, at railway stations, railway stations, in ports, airports, as well as in adjacent the garrison of settlements and in other public places of the garrison and of performing other tasks of the garrison service is assigned a garrison outfit , which includes garrison patrols . They are appointed no later than one day before entering the outfit. The commanders of military units ( divisions ), from which garrison patrols are assigned, are responsible for the selection of personnel and their preparation for service, timely referral and briefing . On the eve of joining the outfit at the headquarters of the military unit, garrison patrol chiefs are given instructions on the basis of which the garrison military commandant issues patrol chiefs certificates of patrol chiefs, which indicate the route , the time of patrolling and special duties. The composition of the patrol should have on the left side of the chest (left sleeve) a breastplate (bandage made of red fabric) with the corresponding inscription.
Garrison patrols , and at the military commandant’s office - a reserve patrol with a vehicle , are assigned for a day or only for a certain time of the day or night and can be on foot, on motorcycles or cars. A patrol assigned for a day serves, alternating patrols for 4 hours with a two-hour rest at the military commandant’s office. Each garrison patrol includes a patrol chief and two to three patrol officers . The officer , ensign ( midshipman ) or sergeant ( foreman ) may be appointed the head of the patrol , depending on the tasks of the service assigned to the patrol . Patrol officers are appointed from among disciplined, demanding, well-trained and physically developed soldiers ( sailors ) or sergeants (foremen) of one unit. Also, under certain conditions, an officer patrol may be appointed, in which all servicemen have an officer rank, and a senior officer patrol, in which the patrol chief is a senior officer (major or lieutenant colonel). The personnel of the patrol is armed with personal weapons.
See also
- Highway Patrol
- Patrol (film)
- Patrol (armored car) - Russian armored hull car [1] .
- Patrol of Time (collection of stories)
- Patrol of Time (film 1994)
- Patrol of Time (film, 2014)
- Patrouille de france
- Blue patrol
- Carlson Patrol
- Neutral Patrol
- Sirius (ski patrol)
- Patrol service
- Patrol escort
- Maritime patrol
- Sea Patrol (television series 2008-2009)
- Sea Patrol (television series 2007-2011)
- Paw Patrol
- Fairytale Patrol
Notes
- ↑ Ozhegov's Dictionary “Patrol”
- ↑ Large legal dictionary (unavailable link) (unavailable link from 06/14/2016 [1158 days])
- ^ The meaning of the word "patrol" in the dictionary ruLib.info unopened (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment October 6, 2009. Archived December 15, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 Site of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, <Home <Encyclopedia <Dictionaries <More, "Patrol".
- ↑ M. Popov, “A Complete Dictionary of Foreign Words Introduced in the Russian Language.”, 1907;
- ↑ Watch
- ↑ Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl.
- ↑ Departure
- ↑ Patrols // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
Literature
- Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language by Vladimir Dahl .
- M. Popov, “A Complete Dictionary of Foreign Words Introduced in Russian.”, 1907;
- A. N. Chudinov, “Dictionary of Foreign Words Included in the Russian Language.”, 1910;
- Patrol // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- S. I. Ozhegov, N. Yu. Shvedova, “The Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov”, 1949-1992;
- “The Charter of the garrison and guard services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”, Approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 2140, dated December 14, 1993;
- “The Charter of the garrison and guard services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” (as amended by the Decree of the President of Russia No. 671, dated June 30, 2002);
- “The Charter of the garrison and guard services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”, as amended by Decree of the President of Russia No. 161, dated March 25, 2015;