Tartan is an ornament formed by a twill weave of threads pre-painted in different colors, resulting in a checkered pattern consisting of horizontal and vertical stripes, as well as rectangular areas filled with diagonal stripes. Tartan is used to color the plaid and can symbolize a particular clan , as well as the locality or organization. Scottish kilts almost always have a tartan pattern.
Content
Tartan Color Coding
Tartan is determined by the colors and number of threads used to weave the fabric. The general rule, with a few exceptions, is that both warp and weft must repeat the same sequence of colors, so that there always exists a diagonal line with respect to which the pattern will be symmetrical. To record this sequence, there is a system in which the color and number of threads for each strip are recorded sequentially. The first and last colors are called pivot and the number of threads in them is written through a slash. For example: W / 8 R64 K4 B8 K4 Y16 K4 Y16 K4 B8 K4 G64 B / 8
Tartans are symmetrical and asymmetrical. When weaving a symmetrical tartan, the colors of the bands are repeated in both directions between the anchors; when weaving an asymmetrical tartan, the colors are repeated in only one direction. For example, we have the sequence B KYKR W. For this sequence, a symmetrical tartan will look like this: B KYKR W RKYK B KYKR W R ... Asymmetric tartan for this sequence: B KYKR WB KYKR W ...
Symmetric tartans, in addition to the diagonal axis of symmetry, also have vertical and horizontal axes.
| Colour | Letter | English |
|---|---|---|
| Blue (magenta, azure ...) | B | B lue, purple, navy, azure |
| Green (olive, bottle ...) | G | G reen, olive, lime, bottle |
| The black | K | Blac k |
| Gray | N | N eutral gray |
| Orange | O | O range |
| Red (pink, burgundy, scarlet ...) | R | R ed, pink, wine, maroon, scarlet |
| Brown | T | T an, brown, camel, fawn |
| White | W | W hite |
| Yellow | Y | Y ellow |
Appearance History
Now tartan is one of the symbols of Scotland, but archaeologists discovered the first tartans far from the British Isles. According to textile historian E.J. W. Barber, tartan-like textiles were produced as early as the 8th – 6th centuries BC in the center of Hallstatt culture . Remarkably preserved samples of such textiles were found in the Hallstatt salt mines in the vicinity of Salzburg , Austria [1] . Pants made of cloth similar to tartan were found on the Cherchen Man , a 3,000-year-old mummy found in the Taklamakan desert [2] . Similar findings were also made in Central Europe and Scandinavia [3] .
The earliest documented find of tartan in Britain dates back to the 3rd century AD. The Falkirk Tartan was discovered at Falkirk in Stirlingshire, Scotland , about 400 meters northwest of the Antonin Wall. The cloth covered the clay pot, which contained 2,000 Roman coins. Found tartan has a natural color of dark wool [4] . Historians believe that early forms of tartan, like this one, were invented in pre-Roman times and were popular among the inhabitants of the northern Roman provinces, as well as in other parts of Northern Europe, such as Jutland [5] [6] [7] .
Petersburg Tartan
The northern capital in 2011 became the first Russian city to receive its own tartan, the design and colors of which symbolize the history and culture of the city, as well as a rich palette of Petersburg-Scottish relations.
Petersburg tartan was developed during the competition, in which students from city schools participated, and the ornament recognized as the best was entered into the register of [8] .
Registration
The Scottish Tartans World Register contains more than 3,300 types of patterns in the global tartan registry; new species are no longer registered. In another register - Scottish Register of Tartans - for 2010 more than 6,000 types of tartans are listed and registration of new ones continues. [9]
Notes
- ↑ Jeffrey Banks, Doria De la Chapelle, Tartan: Romancing the Plaid , Rizzoli, New York, ISBN 978-0-8478-2982-8
- ↑ Kunan, Clifford . A meeting of civilizations: The mystery of China's celtic mummies , The Independent (August 28, 2006). Date of appeal April 17, 2018.
- ↑ Submission From James D Scarlett (PDF). Scottish Parliament . Date of treatment April 17, 2018. Archived December 19, 2008.
- ↑ Search Results (falkirk tartan) unspecified . National Museums Scotland . Date of appeal April 17, 2018.
- ↑ J.P. Wilde, Britannia, Vol. 33, 2002
- ↑ J.P. Wilde, The Classical Quarterly , New Series, Volume 14, 1964
- ↑ Mark Harrison, Anglo-Saxon Thegn, 449–1066 AD , Osprey Publishing, 1993, ISBN 1-85532-349-4 , p. 17
- ↑ Tartan Display: St. Petersburg City (District) . Scottish Tartans Authority.
- ↑ Maria Zotko, Mikhail Polishchuk. Scottish tartan // Around the world. No. 9 (2840), September 2010