Azerbaijan in the Great Patriotic War

June 22, 1941 Germany without declaring war invaded the Soviet Union. On the same day, a large rally of workers took place in Baku. After the rallies and meetings in the cities and villages of Azerbaijan, convoys of workers, collective farmers and intelligentsia were sent to military commissariats, insisting on being sent to the army. Over 40 thousand people, including girls, at the beginning of the war submitted an application to the Military Commissariat of the Azerbaijan SSR with a request to send them as volunteers to the front ^[7] . During the first ten days of the war, in one Dzerzhinsky district of Baku, 1,200 women workers, housewives and students filed a request to enroll them in medical squads and send them to the front ^[8] .

The masses were recorded in the people's militia. By July 4, in the city of Baku, 75,000 people had enrolled in the militia, 10,000 in Kirovabad, and 7,000 in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. During 1941, a total of 186,700 people joined the militia in the Azerbaijan SSR ^[7] .

Battle for the Caucasus

Baku and the North Caucasus was the main source of oil for the entire economy of the USSR ^[9] . In the Azerbaijan SSR , up to 80% of the oil of the entire USSR was produced. After the loss of Ukraine , the importance of the Caucasus and Kuban as a source of grain has grown sharply. There were also reserves of strategic raw materials, for example, the Tyrnyauzskoye deposit of tungsten-molybdenum ore. The loss of the Caucasus could have a significant impact on the general course of the war against the USSR, so Hitler chose this direction as the main one ^[10] . An army group created to attack the Caucasus received the code designation “A”.

The task of group “A” was to: surround and destroy south and south-east of Rostov-on-Don the troops of the Southern Front , which had crossed the Don River , and take control of the North Caucasus ; then it was supposed to bypass the Greater Caucasus with one group from the west, capturing Novorossiysk and Tuapse , and with the other group from the east, capturing the oil-bearing regions of Grozny and Baku . Simultaneously with a roundabout maneuver, it was planned to overcome the Dividing Range in its central part along the passes and exit to Georgia .

On February 1, 1942, as instructed by T-bills in all rear areas, the Central Information Bureau under the Evacuation Council conducted a census of the population that had arrived from the USSR threatened zone. According to the census, 2745 people were evacuated to Zakatalsky , Zhdanovsky , Imishli and Pushkin districts of the Azerbaijan SSR, including 114 Russians, 65 Ukrainians, 2545 Jews, 13 Poles, as well as Armenians, Tatars, Moldavians and Georgians ^[11] . According to the census, 387 Russians , 386 Jews , 168 Ukrainians , 73 Armenians , 5 Georgians , 7 Azerbaijanis , 11 Poles , 8 Tatars , and also representatives of other peoples from the evacuated by February 1, 1942, arrived in the City and Dzerzhinsky districts of Baku ^[11] .

Operation Edelweiss

German troops were approaching Transcaucasia . A date was even set for the capture of Baku - September 25, 1942 ^[12] . Around Nalchik , Ordzhonikidze , Grozny , Makhachkala and Baku were created defensive areas ^[12] . The first stage of the battle for the Caucasus took place from July to December 1942 . The German-Romanian troops, having suffered heavy losses, managed to reach the foothills of the Main Caucasian Range and the Terek River. However, in general, the German Edelweiss plan failed. In just the 1st stage of the battle, Army Group “A” lost nearly 100 thousand people killed ^[13] ; Germans failed to break into the Caucasus and the Middle East .

Operation Consent

From August 25 to September 17, 1941, Great Britain and the Soviet Union conducted a joint operation, code-named "Consent." Its goal was to protect Iranian oil fields and fields from possible capture by German troops and its allies, as well as to protect the transport corridor ( southern corridor ), through which the allies carried out Lend-Lease deliveries for the Soviet Union. During World War II, the Shah of Iran, Reza Pahlavi, refused to Great Britain and the Soviet Union to place their troops in Iran . Although, for example, clauses 5 and 6 of the Treaty between Soviet Russia and Iran of 1921 stipulated that in the event of a threat to the southern borders of the USSR, he had the right to send his troops into Iran.

During the operation, the Allied forces invaded Iran, overthrew Shah Reza Pahlavi and established their control over the country's railways and oil fields. At the same time, British troops occupied southern Iran, and Soviet troops occupied the north of the country ( Iranian Azerbaijan ).

Lend-Lease

Trans-Iranian Route

The Trans-Iranian route delivered goods from the United States and Great Britain under the Lend-Lease program . Cargo delivery was carried out by the vessels of the Caspian military flotilla . Cars were driven along the following routes: Tehran - Ashgabat , Tehran - Astara - Baku , Julfa - Ordzhonikidze .

Azerbaijani railway workers carried out maintenance and general operation of the Julfa - Tabriz railway according to wartime rules. ^[14]

With a total population of 3.4 million people (as of 1941 ), 681 thousand people, including 10 thousand women, were called up from the Azerbaijan SSR to the front. 300 thousand Soviet citizens drafted from Azerbaijan died on the battlefields. For military units, 15 thousand nurses and sandwiches, 750 signalmen, 3 thousand drivers were trained. Azerbaijani women also participated in the war, including partisan Aliya Rustambekova, sniper Ziba Ganieva , anti-aircraft gunner Almaz Ibragimova, captain of the steamboat Shovket Salimova and many others.

The main battlefields of soldiers from the Azerbaijan SSR were the battles for the Brest Fortress , the defense of Leningrad , the defense of Moscow , the battles for Stalingrad , the Caucasus , the Kursk Bulge . In Ukraine , mainly on the Crimean peninsula , as well as in the liberation of the Baltic states and Eastern Europe and the battle for Berlin .

National Red Army units

On the territory of the Azerbaijan SSR was created ^[15] :

• 87 battalions ,
• 1123 self-defense unit.

Formed:

• 77th Infantry Division ,
• 223rd Infantry Division ,
• 396th Infantry Division ,
• 402nd Infantry Division ,
• 416th Infantry Division .

Parts and formations in which a significant proportion of the natives of Azerbaijan were present. ^[sixteen]

• 416th rifle Taganrog Red Banner Order of the Suvorov Division ,
• 76th Mountain Rifle Red Banner Division K.E. Voroshilova (later the 51st Guards Rifle Taganrog Order of Lenin; Red Banner Order of the Suvorov Division ),
• 77th Rifle Simferopol Red Banner Order of the Suvorov Division ,
• 223rd Rifle Belgrade Red Banner Division ,
• 227th Rifle Red Banner Temryuk Division ,
• 271st Rifle Gorlovskaya Red Banner Order of Bogdan of the Khmelnitsky Division ,
• 402nd Infantry Division ,
• 396th Infantry Division .

Residents of Azerbaijan awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union

For military valor and deeds accomplished during the Second World War , 128 natives of Azerbaijan received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Azi Aslanov received this title twice. Among those who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 42 were Azerbaijanis by nationality, 14 of them were awarded posthumously. The first Azerbaijani to become a Hero of the Soviet Union was Lieutenant Israfil Mammadov .

Guerrilla groups and groups in Western and Eastern Europe

Partisans in the ranks of resistance in Western and Eastern Europe

Before the start of World War II, the Caspian fleet occupied the first place in terms of cargo turnover. ^[25] About one third of the cargo transported across all the USSR seas was transported along the Caspian Sea . This is primarily due to the proximity to the sea of ​​oil fields, oil refineries, and cotton bases. The supply of timber and bread to the regions of the Caucasus and Central Asia delivered to the Caspian along the Volga and the Urals also caused a high level of cargo turnover. The main cargoes determining the importance of the Caspian Sea were oil and oil products , which mainly went from Baku to Astrakhan for further transportation up the Volga to various regions of the USSR. The Azerbaijan section, especially the Baku- Balajar junction, located at the junction of railways and waterways, was the most important link on the Transcaucasian Railway.

Baku oil was sent to all ends of the Soviet Union along this railway. In addition, it supplied the national economy of the Azerbaijan SSR from the central regions of the USSR. The Baku port was distinguished by a high intensity of cargo handling and high throughput. The main content of the port was to send oil to the Volga . ^[25]

Delivery of goods from the allies took place under the state Lend-Lease program. On land, vehicles traveled by march: Tehran-Ashgabat, Tehran-Astara-Baku and Julfa-Vladikavkaz. And on the water in the water vessels of the Caspian Fleet. Azerbaijani railway workers carried out maintenance and general operation of the Julfa-Tabriz railway according to wartime rules.

^[26]

In early May 1942, the Baku Air Defense Army was formed by a resolution of the State Defense Committee of April 5 by reorganizing the Baku Air Defense Corps . Her management was created on the basis of the reorganized management of the 3rd Air Defense Corps. Organizationally, the army was part of the Transcaucasian Air Defense Zone , and since April 1944, it was part of the Transcaucasian Air Defense Front . In May - October 1942, during the period of active operations of German reconnaissance aircraft within the borders of the army, its combat personnel included:

• 8th Air Defense Fighter Corps (6 fighter aviation regiments),
• 7 anti-aircraft artillery regiments,
• 1 regiment of anti-aircraft machine guns ,
• 1 floodlight regiment
• barrage balloon regiment,
• VNOS regiment,
• other individual parts.

Commanders: artillery major general P. M. Beskrovnov (April 1942 - February 1945 ) and artillery lieutenant general N. V. Markov (February 1945 - until the end of the war).

Contribution to Logistics

Before the start of World War II, the Azerbaijan SSR was the locomotive of the industry: the main supplier of oil and oil products, a forge of specialists in the oil industry, and a manufacturer of oil equipment. Despite the hostilities, Baku remained the main supplier of fuels and lubricants. During the war, Azerbaijani oil workers produced up to 90% of the fuel of the whole country. In the first year of the war, 23.5 million tons of oil were shipped. In total, 75 million tons of oil was sent for military purposes during the Great Patriotic War. Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov ^[27] :

Former Russian Ambassador to Azerbaijan Vasily Istratov ^[28] :

Working under the slogan “ Everything for the front! All for victory! ", The oil industry of Azerbaijan received 160 times the red banner of the State Defense Committee, the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the People’s Commissariat of the USSR Petroleum Industry, which in those years was an indicator of high appreciation of labor.

A native of Baku, Nikolai Konstantinovich Baybakov headed a special headquarters that coordinated the work on providing fuel for military units and enterprises. In 1942 - authorized GKO for the destruction of oil wells and oil refineries in the Caucasus region . He organized the work as follows: when the enemy approached, all valuable equipment was dismantled and exported to the east of the country, low-producing wells were immediately put out of action, and especially rich ones continued to be used and destroyed in the most extreme circumstances. As a result, the Germans were not able to use the resource of the Krasnodar oil fields. Then N.K. Baibakov was the representative of the State Defense Committee for the relocation of part of the oil workers and equipment of the Caucasian regions to the East. In 1941, the State Defense Committee decided to relocate parts of Baku's oil enterprises, evacuate residents, and reorganize traffic flows. In the words of N. K. Baibakov, “the Great Relocation of Baku oil workers is taking place”. More than 10 thousand people, together with their families and oil equipment, go by ship and tankers to Krasnovodsk , and from there by rail to uninhabited areas. In his book, “My Motherland is Azerbaijan,” N. K. Baibakov writes ^[29] :

In the area of ​​“Second Baku” ( Bashkortostan , Kuibyshev and Perm regions), equipment, specialists and their families were exported to create new industries and factories there. So, the “Red Proletarian” Baku oil engineering plant was transferred to Sterlitamak , the Myasnikov factory was in Perm , the Dzerzhinsky factory was in Sarapul , and the Stalin State Union Engineering Plant was sent to Ishimbay. In the autumn, the Aznefterazvedka trust was transferred to the Volga region; the well-known oilman A.F. Rustambekov ^[30] was engaged in organizing its activities in a new place.

In June 1941, the average daily oil production amounted to 64,334 tons. The level of production slightly decreased in July of that year - 63,894 tons. In general, for Azneftekombinat, the nine-month plan of the first year of the war was completed ahead of schedule - by 101.6%. The additional volume of oil received from January 1 to September 26 amounted to 321,266 tons. For the successes achieved in 1941 by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 6, 1942, 500 oil workers of Azerbaijan were awarded orders and medals, including 41 people were awarded the Order of Lenin . By the same decree, the Order No. 11 of the Leninneft Trust and the Mission No. 4 of the Bibi-Heybatneft were awarded the Order of Lenin.

However, already in 1942, the level of oil production began to decline. This was mainly due to the mobilization of experienced oil workers and specialists to the front, the limitation of the scope of drilling operations, the conversion of oil engineering plants that switched to the production of defense products, the relocation of some of them to the eastern regions of the country, the sharp reduction in the supply of necessary materials received from other regions USSR, and an almost complete cessation of the supply of pipes of all kinds, and especially pipes for drilling, timber, spare parts for compressor tractors and cars. During this period, Azneftekombinat presented the army 161 tractors, 1155 vehicles and 604 horses. If in the first half of 1941 the plants of the Azneftemash trust produced 80 million rubles worth of commercial products for the needs of the oil industry (in the prices of that time), then over the corresponding period of 1942 this number decreased by 16 times and amounted to only 5 million rubles. Drilling of new wells was stopped, and the operating fund sharply decreased. If in 1941, due to the introduction of new wells, 3,787.5 thousand tons of oil was obtained, which amounted to 16.1% of the total production, then in the following years of the war their quantity was so reduced that in 1942 only 3.3% of the total production was obtained, and in 1943 - 0.7%. As of June 1, 1941, at the expense of 235 gushing wells, 18,284 tons of oil were produced per day, and over the same period of 1942, the number of gushing wells decreased to 175, their daily production rate was only 10,800 tons. The technical condition of the compressor farm has deteriorated so much that overall its daily productivity has fallen from 10394 thousand m³ at the beginning of the war to 8216 thousand m³ by October 1942.

At the direction of GKO, Baku refineries stopped producing many types of products in order to solve the main task - to provide aviation with high-quality gasolines ^[30] . Of the 17 million tons of oil products consumed during the war, 13 million were produced in Azerbaijan. It accounted for about 85% of aviation gasoline production. More than 1 million tons of B-78 high- octane gasoline was delivered to the front. . Были созданы перевалочные базы, которые располагались по берегу Каспийского моря , Волги и в крупных населённых пунктах, которые примыкали к железнодорожным магистралям. Из Баку по морю и далее по железным дорогам осуществлялась поставка нефти и нефтепродуктов, в нефтебазы и оттуда — на перерабатывающие заводы различных регионов страны. В июле того же года навигация на Волге была прекращена из-за выхода немецких войск в район Сталинграда . Основные железнодорожные магистрали, по которым нефть и нефтепродукты из Баку доставлялись к фронту, были перерезаны немецкими войсками. Немецко-фашистские войска оказались у ворот Кавказа , они стремились к бакинской нефти, и сам Баку непосредственно оказался под военной угрозой. Так как прямой путь доставки нефти был перерезан, надо было найти выход по вывозу нефтепродуктов для Сталинграда. Нефтепродукты решили доставлять по единственному пути через Красноводск, а затем — через Среднюю Азию и Казахстан по железной дороге в Сталинград. Однако среднеазиатская железная дорога не располагала достаточным количеством цистерн для перевозки. И тогда в Баку руководством отрасли принимается рискованное решение: переправлять в Красноводск по морю цистерны с нефтепродуктами на плаву при помощи буксиров, а дальше транспортировать по железной дороге.

В сентябре 1942 года в Закавказье было объявлено военное положение, а ситуация в Баку стала критической. До прекращения навигации вместо намеченных 6 млн т нефти было вывезено только 1,6 млн т. Были выделены специальные скважины, куда закачивались сотни тысяч тонн отбензиненной нефти. Недостаток ёмкостей вёл к сворачиванию работ. Осенью нефть добывал фактически единственный трест — «Нефтечала» ^[30] . Как писал Н. К. Байбаков ^[29] :

В ноябре 1942 года бюро Бакинского комитета КП(б) Азербайджана обсудило вопрос «О мероприятиях по обеспечению выполнения плана добычи нефти и газа по „Азнефтекомбинату“ в декабре 1942 года». В соответствии с решением ГКО на этот месяц было запланировано обеспечить выработку 1240000 тонн нефти, в том числе 635000 т нефти, а также 97600 м³ природного газа. Бюро потребовало от руководителей трестов, промыслов и заводов, пропагандистов ЦК КП(б) Азербайджана, секретарей первичных партийных организаций, ЦК профсоюза нефтяников Кавказа, представителей комитетов районных партийных организаций и секретарей комсомольских организаций обеспечения на декабрь 1942 года беспрекословного перевыполнения планов по добыче нефти и производству авиабензина и смазочных масел.

Маршал Советского Союза Константин Рокоссовский в своём письме в ЦК Компартии Азербайджанской ССР писал ^[31] :

28 апреля 1945 года маршал Советского Союза Фёдор Толбухин в своей статье под заголовком «Слава азербайджанскому народу» писал ^[31] :

Маршал Советского Союза Семён Будённый , приехавший в Баку после войны, сказал журналистам ^[32] :

Первый секретарь посольства Республики Беларусь в Азербайджане Глеб Красневский ^[33] :

Light industry

Одними из передовых отраслей промышленности , наряду с нефтяной промышленностью , была лёгкая , текстильная , пищевая промышленность . С началом Великой Отечественной войны лёгкая, текстильная, пищевая и местная отрасли промышленности были подчинены интересам фронта. Производства товаров народного потребления были переключены на производство предметов военно-хозяйственного снабжения, продовольствия и прочей продукции. Для обеспечения армии требовалось большое количество продовольствия, обмундирования, обуви и других видов товаров, которые ранее не изготовлялись в Азербайджане. За первый период Великой Отечественной войны предприятия лёгкой промышленности Азербайджана освоили производство около 30 видов товаров для нужд РККА . Мебельная фабрика, ранее выпускавшая мебель для школ и ширпотреба в годы войны, стала изготовлять повозки.

Швейная промышленность стала изготовлять шинели, летнее обмундирование, ушанки, нательное бельё, пилотки и прочие товары. Трикотаж — тёплое бельё, обмотки и другие изделия. Кожевенно-обувная — армейскую обувь , бекеши, тулупы, жилеты, рукавицы, конское снаряжение и т. д. ^[34] На текстильных предприятиях было успешно налажено производство серого шинельного сукна, хлопчатобумажной диагонали, технической ткани, трикотажной пряжи высоких номеров, медицинской марли, ниток для обувного и шорного производства, гигроскопической ваты , хирургического шёлка и др. До начала военных действий текстильный комбинат им. Ленина выпускал товары для нужд населения, после начала войны всё производство было переключено на нужды армии, обмундирования, на медицинские марли и прочие товары. В годы войны Азербайджан поставил 500 тысяч тонн хлопка. ^[6]

Химическая промышленность

Заводы химической промышленности также были переориентированы на выпуск продукции военного назначения и прочего инвентаря. Группа академиков во главе с Юсифом Мамедалиевым выявили 38 видов горючего, бензина для 9 типов самолётов и 8 видов дизельного топлива . На данных заводах было налажено производство противопожарного оборудования и инвентаря, освоен процесс пропитки защитной одежды. Производство продукции для нужд фронта было налажено и в подсобных цехах заводов, где было освоено производство, к примеру, пластмассовых и целлулоидных деталей. Заводы по металлообработке в годы войны стали изготовлять армейские котелки, противопожарный инвентарь, подковы военного образца, детали для повозок, окопные печи.

Пищевая промышленность

Предприятия мясо-молочной промышленности Азербайджана сумели освоить выпуск ряда новых видов препаратов, ранее ввозившихся из-за границы. На базе использования местных сырьевых ресурсов был организован завод медицинских препаратов . Мясокомбинаты города Баку в годы Великой Отечественной войны перешли на выпуск стерильной желатины в ампулах, животный активированный уголь , тональбин и другие препараты.

Местная промышленность

Работники местной промышленности и промысловой кооперации также целиком переключились на производство предметов военно-хозяйственного снабжения. В кратчайший срок оборудование этих предприятий было приспособлено для выпуска новой продукции, необходимой фронту (обозно-вещевое и хозяйственное имущество для Красной армии , мебель и бельё для госпиталей, противопожарные средства, инвентарь для оборудования убежищ и т. д.).

За время Великой Отечественной войны предприятия местной промышленности Азербайджана освоили около 200 новых видов различной продукции. По заданию военного ведомства предприятия местной промышленности и промкооперации в короткие сроки освоили массовый выпуск валенок, варежек, шерстяных носков для бойцов Красной армии . Мебельная фабрика, прежде выпускавшая мебель для школ и ширпотреба, в дни войны стала изготовлять повозки. В связи с отсутствием собственной механической базы и рабочих соответствующей квалификации, фабрике пришлось кооперироваться с другими предприятиями Баку .

Выпуск производился на заводе Металлопластмасс.

В Азербайджанской ССР производилось свыше 130 видов вооружений и боеприпасов,одним из которых являлся пулемёт «Шпагин». Из личных запасов жителей Азербайджанской ССР было собрано и было передано в фонд обороны 15 кг золота, 952 кг серебра, 320 млн рублей, 25 тысяч рублей в Фонд создания танковых колонн и авиаэскадрилий внёс композитор Узеир Гаджибеков , 30 тысяч рублей — 90-летняя колхозница из Агдамского района Саадат Наджаф гызы. Также на фронт было отправлено 1,6 млн единиц необходимых товаров, 152 вагона тёплой одежды. К лету 1942 года в Ленинград азербайджанскими предприятиями были отправлены 2 вагона икры, 40 тонн сухофруктов , 12 вагонов томата-пюре, соков и других продуктов питания, а также медикаменты и перевязочные материалы. Значительная помощь медикаментами, продуктами питания и другими материалами была оказана Ставропольскому краю , Ленинграду, Краснодарскому краю .

Бакинские предприятия принимали активное участие в восстановлении ДнепроГЭС , порта Азов и других важных объектов. В годы Великой Отечественной войны в Баку и по всей республике, действовали десятки военных госпиталей. По официальным данным госпитали Азербайджанской ССР вернули в строй полтора миллиона советских солдат, многие из которых после войны остались в Азербайджане. В бакинском посёлке Кешля (Кишлы) функционировали два авиазавода, закодированные под номерами «168» и «458». На этих беспрерывно работавших предприятиях производились самолёты-истребители типа УТИ-4 и Як-3 , а также сани для военных аэропланов. В Баку изготавливались и реактивные снаряды для легендарных « Катюш », выпуск реактивных снарядов легендарной «Катюши» производился на заводе «металлопластмасс». В этот период в городе Кировабад действовал крупный авиаремонтный завод. В годы войны здесь производили истребители «ЯК - 3», было отремонтировано и отправлено на фронт 782 самолёта различных типов, а также свыше 1550 авиадвигателей и других запчастей. Гянджинский завод и сегодня продолжает свою деятельность.

Военнопленные

В 1945 году в Азербайджанской ССР при НКВД был создан отдел по делам военнопленных. Отдел состоял из двух отделений: 1 отделение (оперативное); 2 отделение политическое. Всего отдел состоял из 25 человек. Колонии для военнопленных в Республике относились к категориям 1, 2, 3 группы. В Азербайджане на 1947 год в оперативном обслуживании МВД находилось:

Также были 17 мест временного содержания военнопленных для выполнения строительных работ. Общее количество военнопленных в Азербайджане на 1947 год насчитывалось 23 266 человек. Военнопленных, находящихся в Азербайджанской ССР, использовали в основном на главных стройках республики. На строительстве Мингечаурской ГЭС работало 6000 человек, на Сумгаитском трубопрокатном заводе 2600 человек, Дашкесанрудстрое 1600 человек, на стройке секретного объекта № 108 4300 человек и на Главнефтестрое 1500 человек из числа военнопленных. Немецкие военнопленные участвовали в строительстве города Дашкесан с 1947 года и Мингечаур с 1948 года. В Баку немцы-военнопленные принимали участие в строительстве уникальных архитектурных сооружений, таких как Дом правительства , жилой дом «Бузовнанефть», жилой Дом актёров на улице Бакиханова, жилой массив «Большой двор» на проспекте Строителей.

Переведённые в начале 1945 года в Баку военнопленные из центральных районов России в результате постоянного недоедания страдали дистрофией. Это сильно влияло на их работоспособность. Многие из них были не способны работать, а некоторые умирали от истощения. В 1945 году ГКО СССР принял постановление о пересмотре продовольственного обеспечения граждан СССР. На основании этого постановления НКВД СССР для всех лагерей ввёл новые нормы продовольственного снабжения для военнопленных.

Кроме этого, для поправки здоровья военнопленных их иногда отправляли на дополнительные работы на овощные и продовольственные склады. Местные жители городов Баку и Мингечаур, видя идущих по улице или работающих на объектах ослабленных немецких военнопленных, рискуя быть задержанными конвоем, подкармливали их. На больших стройках для военнопленных из фонда объекта выделялись дополнительные пайки. Однако, несмотря на это, здоровье большинства военнопленных было уже подорвано. Болезни, такие как туберкулёз, дизентерия, плеврит, были весьма распространены среди них. В январе — феврале 1947 года по этой причине в первую очередь были вывезены из Азербайджана 2000 ослабленных и больных немцев .

From materials of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the republic and from testimonies of activists of the Lutheran community in the territory of Azerbaijan, graveyards of German prisoners of war are currently scattered. Basically, these cemeteries arose where prisoners of war were used at construction sites. For example, a cemetery, which is now located:

By decision of the USSR Council of Ministers No. 396-152ss of 1948, the selection of 3,500 German prisoners of war, severely dystrophic, began to be sent from Azerbaijan to Germany and Austria in the NKVD camps in Azerbaijan. From May to August 1948 they were sent from the construction sites of the Mingachevir hydroelectric station - 1800, the Sumgait pipe-rolling plant - 550, Dashkesanstroy - 300, Glavneftestroy - 950 prisoners of war. The main reasons for sending them to their homeland was the adoption of a series of international treaties and agreements. In 1946, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution on the extradition of prisoners of war and the punishment of war criminals. In 1947, at the Paris conference of the anti-Hitler coalition, an agreement on peace agreements was signed with Italy , Finland , Romania , Hungary and Bulgaria , which addressed the issue of the return of prisoners of war. And finally, the 1949 Geneva Convention, which determined the status of prisoners of war and their release from captivity at the time of the defeat or termination of the military confrontation.

Political schools were created for the ideological treatment of prisoners of war, in which 1300 classes were held. Political bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan approved the topics of classes: "On the foundations of the ideas of Marxism-Leninism", "Communist transformations in Europe." In addition, amateur art groups, 61 drama circles, 26 choral singing circles, 28 orchestras were organized. The UPVI of the NKVD of Azerbaijan identified among prisoners of war a whole group of Nazi bloody crimes who will be invited to court trials of military tribunals in Nuremberg , Bryansk , Smolensk , Leningrad , Minsk , Riga , Nikolaevsk .

Monuments

• In Crimea, on Sapun-mount, a memorial complex was established in memory of Azerbaijanis of the 77th Azerbaijani division who died during the liberation of Sevastopol .
• One of the squares of the city of Yalta was named after the Azerbaijani Jalil Najabov, who was the regiment commander who liberated Yalta from German invaders.
• In Taganrog, at the Sambek heights, a monument to the liberators - 416 Azerbaijani divisions

• At one of the Baku plants, missiles were manufactured - shells for the legendary Katyusha missiles. ^{[35] [36] [37] [38]}
• On one of Adolf Hitler’s birthdays during World War II, he was presented with a cake in the middle of which was an oil rig and the name of the capital of the Azerbaijan SSR, Baku (Baku).
• During the Great Patriotic War, oil enterprises of the Azerbaijan SSR produced up to 80% of the fuel of the whole country ^[39] .
• In total, Azerbaijan’s oil industry enterprises processed and produced 75 million tons of oil and oil products for military needs during the Great Patriotic War. ^[39]
• During the collection of funds to the Foundation for the creation of tank columns and air squadrons, a 90-year-old collective farmer from the Agdam region, Saadat Najaf Gizi, transferred 30 thousand rubles to the Fund. ^[40]
• 128 natives of Azerbaijan became Heroes of the Soviet Union , among them Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Russians, Ukrainians, etc.
• One of the most famous scouts from the Second World War was Richard Sorge, who came from the village of Sabunchi near Baku.
• In the early morning of May 2, 1945, the soldiers of Mamedov, Akhmedzade, Berezhnaya and Andreev, under the leadership of Lieutenant A. Medzhidov, hoisted the banner of victory over the Brandenburg Gate ^[41] .

• Karelian-Finnish SSR in the Great Patriotic War
• Moldova in the Great Patriotic War

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