Kruitni , units h. dr. irl. Cruithin , Cruithnech , pl. h. dr. irl. Cruithnich , Cruithni , ˈkrɪθnɛ , Irl. Cruithne , krɪnʲə , ˈkrɪhnʲə , ˈkrɪnʲə (depending on the dialect) - one of the peoples of ancient Ireland, who lived in the territory of the modern counties of Down , Antrim and Londonderry in the early Middle Ages .
The sources of the early Middle Ages distinguished the Kruits from the Irish tribe of the Ulads , who lived in Ulster , although one of the dynasties of the rulers of the Kruits, Dál nAraide , considered themselves descended from the fir fir Ulaid , "authentic ulad" [1] . In the early Irish genealogies, the Loigis tribe is also associated with the , from which the name Leyish county in Leinster , and the Sogan tribe residing in Connacht [2] .
Content
Goodies and picts
Early medieval Irish authors also used the term Cruthin to refer to the Picts who lived in Scotland , from which it can be concluded that the folks were a branch of the Picts [1] . T. F. O'Reilly ( en: TF O'Rahilly ) reconstructs the cruthin pro-form as * kʷriteni . Since the ancient Welsh sources picts were designated as Prydyn , O'Reilly assumed that the Brythian * pritenī was reflected in the Goidel (Q-Celtic) language. Thus, the names of cruises and picts originate from the same word - in the Goydel and British versions (in the Goydel branch of Celtic languages, the older kw was transferred to k , and to the British one - p ) [3] .
On the other hand, archaeological sites in the territory of the Kruit do not allow us to speak about their difference from the neighboring Celtic tribes [4] . Early Irish writers in Latin never used the term Picti ( picts ) to mean cool. In historical times, the Kruit practiced the same Irish male inheritance system among derbfhine (descendants of one great-grandfather) as other Irish people (unlike matrilinear inheritance in the Picts) and spoke Irish [5] . Davie O'Cronin considers erroneous the assumption that the cruises were “Irish Picts” and in general were somehow connected with the Picts of Scotland [6] . A similar point of view was held by the specialist in Pict. Kenneth Jackson [7] .
References in the Irish Annals
At the dawn of Irish written history , in the V century AD. e., Kruitny were a more powerful tribe than the Ulad, driven back then to the east of the modern counties of Antrim and Down [1] . According to the Annals of Tiegern, a certain Obslot of the Picts ( do Cruithneachaib ) killed Coleman the Elder , son of the High King of Ireland Diarmite Mac Karbyllla in 555 or 558, and Uarmter King of Edarmite killed the in year 565 [8] .
Later, however, the cruisers themselves began to give way to the onslaught from the Wee Neills . The Annals of Ulster witnessed the victory of the northern Wuy Neills led by the kings Forggus , Domnall and Ainmere over the confederation of the Kruit kings under Moin Dairy Lothair, now Londonderry) [4] in 563, as a result, the Kruis in Lothair, in 563, had the result in which the kruit in 563, in which there is a lot of Kruis, in which the Krudnierry had the same kruitnies in 563 between the river Bann and the river Moyola to the kingdom of Aileh , and between the river Bann and Bush to the kingdom of Ayrghiallah [1] .
Gradually, the term Cruthin becomes synonymous with the Dal Aride dynasty [9] . The Annals mention the battle between the cruises and the Ulad in Belfast in 668, and the last use of the term in the annals dates back to 773, when Flathruae mac Fiachrach , the “king of the cruisers”, died [1] . By the 12th century, the term Cruthin is no longer used as an ethnonym, but only as an alternative name for the Dal Ariyda dynasty [10] .
Contemporary Culture
Unionist writers in contemporary Northern Ireland , in particular Ian Adamson , view the Krubit as the ancient counterpart of their own northern separatism [6] [11] .
The asteroid “ 3753 Cruithne ” is named after this people.
See also
- Pre-Celtic population of Western Europe
- Iverny
- Picts
- Senhinola
- Sogans
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Davi O'Cronin , “Ireland, 400–800”, in Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (ed.), A New History of Ireland Vol 1, 2005, pp. 182–234.
- ↑ Francis J. Byrne, Irish Kings and High Kings , Four Courts Press, 2001, p. 39, 236.
- F TF O'Rahilly, Early Irish History and Mythology , Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1946, p. 15-16 341—342
- 2 1 2 Richard Warner, "Some People and Places" Archived November 21, 2008. , Lisburn Historical Society Journals Vol 8, 1991
- ↑ Byrne 2001, p. 8, 108.
- ↑ 1 2 Dáibhí Cróinín, Early Medieval Ireland 400–1200 , Longman, 1995, p. 48
- ↑ Kenneth H. Jackson, “The Pictish Language”, in F. T Wainwright (ed.), The problem of the Picts , Edinburgh, 1956, pp. 122—166.
- ↑ Byrne 2001, pp. 94-95.
- ↑ Alfred P. Smyth, Warlords and Holy Men , Edinburgh University Press, 1989, p. 101
- ↑ O'Rahilly 1946, p. 345
- ↑ Ian Adamson , The Cruthin: a story of the Ulster land and people , Belfast, 1974
Literature
- Byrne, Francis J. Irish Kings and High Kings . Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001 (2nd edition). First published in 1973.
- Jackson, Kenneth H. "The Pictish Language." In The Problem of the Picts , ed. FT Wainwright. Edinburgh, 1956. pp. 122—166.
- Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí. “Ireland, 400–800.” In A New History of Ireland , ed. Dáibhí Ó Cróinín. Vol 1. 2005. pp. 182–234.
- O'Rahilly, TF Early Irish History and Mythology . Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1946.
- Smyth, Alfred P. Warlords and Holy Men . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1989.
- Warner, Richard. "Some People and Places." Lisburn Historical Society Journals Vol 8. 1991