The Pitsunda pine ( Latin Pinus brutia var. Pityusa ) is a large tree of the genus Pine ( Pinus ) of the Pine family ( Pinaceae ), growing on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus . The name of the pine tree comes from the Abkhazian city of Pitsunda (eastern coast of the Black Sea).
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 Pine Pine | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Pinus brutia var. pityusa ( Steven ) Silba , 1985 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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In modern literature, as a separate species, it is usually not distinguished, but is considered as a species of Calabrian (Turkish) Pine ( Pinus brutia ), spread along the coasts of the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East [1] .
Content
Distribution and Ecology
Mostly Pitsunda pine grows on the territory of modern Abkhazia. The largest grove of such pine trees in the world grows in the Pitsundo-Musser Reserve of the Republic of Abkhazia - 4000 hectares. On the territory of the Russian Federation grows no more than 1100 hectares, of which 950 hectares are located between s. Divnomorskoe (Divnomorsk) and Praskoveevskaya gap . Small areas of Pitsunda pine can also be found in the Doob lighthouse area , on the Markotkh and Tuaphat ranges , in the vicinity of the village of Bzhid and Olginka .
It grows on rocky and sandy coastal slopes, rises to 700 meters above sea level, and artificial plantings are much higher than natural ones. Undemanding to soil conditions and moisture. Fruiting begins at the age of 20-25 years. It is listed in the Red Book of Russia .
Botanical Description
The trunk is straight, 18-24 m high. The bark is brown-gray, fractured. Branches are brown-red or brown-yellow. The crown in youth is broadly conical, in old age it is sprawling, relatively round, not thick.
The leaves are thin, sharp, rough on the edge, dark green, about 12 cm long, 0.75-1 mm wide.
Male inflorescences are collected in capitate heads, round scales, emarginate dentate, reddish yellow. Cones are single or 2-3, less often 4, mature on short legs or sessile, horizontally deflected, ovate-conical, 6-10 cm long, 3.5-5 cm in diameter, brownish-reddish.
The seed is blackish, 3-4 times shorter than the wing.
Meaning and Application
| The Red Book of Russia the population is declining | |
Wood is used for lining ships and various products.
It gives a lot of tar and turpentine .
It is bred as a landscape gardening plant.
Taxonomic position
The Pitsunda pine was often previously distinguished as a separate species [2] , however, the differences with the Calabrian Pine (Turkish) ( Pinus brutia ) are so small that now it is usually considered as a variety (or subspecies) of the latter, and sometimes even as its synonym [3] .
Another species of Calabrian Pine is especially close to the Pitsunda pine - growing in the Crimea , mainly in the Sudak region, is the Stankevich pine ( Pinus brutia var. Stankewiczii ( Sukaczev ) Frankis ). They can also be combined into one taxon [4] [5] .
On the other hand, another geographically neighboring subspecies of the Calabrian pine - growing southeast in Georgia and Azerbaijan , the Eldar pine ( Pinus brutia subsp. Eldarica ), is farthest from the type taxon and can be considered as a separate species [6] .
Notes
- β Information on the website of the US Department of Agriculture
- β Flora of the USSR : in 30 t / h. ed. V.L. Komarov . - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1934. - T. 1 / ed. volumes M. M. Ilyin . - S. 171-172. - 302, XVI p. - 5,000 copies.
- β According to the Plantarium website (see the Links section).
- β Pine of Stankevich (Sudak, Pizunda) - Rare plants of Crimea
- β Rare Plants of Russia: Pine - Solar Tree - print version
- β Earle, Christopher Pinus brutia . The Gymnosperm Database (2013). Date of treatment April 15, 2013. Archived April 15, 2013.
Literature
- Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / hl ed. V.L. Komarov . - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1934. - T. 1 / ed. volumes M. M. Ilyin . - S. 171-172. - 302, XVI p. - 5,000 copies.
- Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov and B.K. Shishkin . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1949. - T. I. Gymnosperms. - 464 p. - 3000 copies.
Links
- Pitsunda pine information on the Encyclopedia of Life (EOL) website (Retrieved October 19, 2010) .
- Pitsunda pine on the Plantarium site (Retrieved October 6, 2009)