Matveyevsky district

The district is located in the northwestern part of the Orenburg region on the border of forest-steppe and steppe natural zones. Borders: with Abdulinsky , Ponomarevsky , Krasnogvardeysky , Grachevsky and Asekeevsky districts of the region. The area of ​​the territory is 1.8 thousand km².

The largest watercourses: the river Big Kinel , Umirka , Sadak .

The ancient history of the territory occupied by the Matveyevsky district has not been studied enough. In 1970-1990, archeologists discovered more than two dozen different-time (from the Bronze Age to the Middle Ages) monuments - burial mounds and settlements in the district. The greatest interest is the location of the flint of the Paleolithic era (of the ancient Stone Age) near the villages of Novouzeli, Azamatovo and flint processing workshop near the village of Internatsionalny ^[3] .

Long since these lands were settled by the sedentary Tatar population and nomadic Bashkir tribes, only nominally recognizing the authority of the Volga Bulgaria and the Kazan Khanate . At the end of the XVI century, after the capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible, the territory of the district was within the boundaries of the Moscow State.

However, the development of the region began much later. The nomadic Bashkirs paid an irregular tribute to the royal governors, remaining free from the authority of the Moscow tsar.

With the advancement of the borders of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 18th century in the southern and southeastern direction, military fortifications and garrisons were formed in the Ural region and the Trans-Volga steppes. Orenburg, founded in 1743, formed the administrative center on a large area of ​​the Southern Urals and Northern Kazakhstan. Soon they built a road - the Kazan Route or the New Moscow Road, to communicate with Kazan and further with Moscow, which also passed through the territory of the Matveyevsky district. At this time, "yasash", that is, tax-paying Tatars, were settled on this territory, the duty of which was to maintain horses and to lead the Yamsk chase from station to station. At a distance of 30 versts from each other were created driverless settlements, among them now Starokutlumbetyevo, Staroashirovo and Staroyakupovo. Gradually, with the arrival of new settlers, new villages were formed.

Yemelyanovka, a village on the river Big Kinel . Founded in 1894. The name comes from the personal name Emelyan or from the name Emelyanov.

Kinelsky, a settlement founded in 1926. The name comes from the toponym of the river Big Kinel . In 921-922 years. In this area, the Arab traveler Ahmed ibn Fadlan passed through, describing the Kinal River in his description. Linguists compare the name of the river with the Tatar kin - "wide", "spacious" and kineule - "expandable, capable of expansion", indicating that the name could occur due to wide floods.

Kulchum, a village on the right bank of the river Big Kinel , was founded no later than 1926. The linguist Barashkov V.F. assumed that the name has a personal-nominal basis. But the personal name Kulchum is not witnessed. In the Komi language there is a word kolchchom - “The remaining, the remnant”, but the Permian substrate in the Orenburg region toponymy has not yet been found ^[4] . There is also a folk etymology: from the Tatar KUL lake, the PLAM dive, but it is hardly worth taking it seriously.

Natalino, a village on the river Umirka . Founded no later than 1905. According to legend, it is named for the landowner Natalia, who owned the estate here.

Novoashirovo, a village on the river Big Kinel . Founded in 1790-1795 by a Tatar peasant named Bakir from the village of Ashirovo. The new village began to be called Novoashirovo, and the old Staroashirovo. Teptiari settled in Novoashirovo, later - Kazakhs , Chuvash . Tatars are called - Yana Escher (Tatar Yana - “new”) or Becker (Bakirovo, after the name of the founder). The toponym is based on the Tatar male name Eshir.

Novozhedrino, a village on the left bank of the Umirka River . Founded in the eighteenth or first half of the nineteenth centuries. landowner, a retired general P. N. Durasov. According to the legend, part of the serfs were resettled here from the village of Zhedrino of the Simbirsk province (now Kuzovatovsky district of the Ulyanovsk region ), its name comes from the name of Zhedrin. For the old homeland and called the new village. Novozhedrino was also settled by peasants of the Penza, Tambov and Tula provinces.

Novouzeli, the village was founded in 1797 by the Mordovians-Erzya, who resettled from the village of Old Uzel of the present Buguruslan district . Named in the former homeland of immigrants. Originally called Zernayevka, by the name of the first inhabitants of the Zernayevs. The toponym can turn out to be either Turkic (Bashkir uaz, uazy - “valley, lowland”, ly - affix), or Mordov . In the document of 1777, the village of Uzeli was marked (Mordovian leu - “river”).

Saray-Gere, the village on the river. Saraygirka. Founded in 1739 by peasants from the Tambov province. Initially, the settlement was called Mikhailovka, after the first immigrant. Then the name changed to Sarai-Gere: from the Turkic “Sara” - yellow and “Aygyr” - the stallion, according to legend, in honor of the horse of one of the noble Tatars.

Africa, the village on the Lorenka River. This settlement is obliged by an unusual toponym to the locals, who called it in solidarity with the African proletariat.

Starokutlumbetyevo, founded in 1743-1744. as the Yamskaya settlement on the Novomoskovsk road — the post road connecting Orenburg with the center of Russia via Kazan. Tatars from Alatyr, Kazan, Simbirsk and other districts of Kazan province moved here. The name comes from the male name Kotlymbet or Kotlymet. The definition of “Staro” arose after the formation in the 1790s of the villages Verkhnenovokutlumbetyevo and Nizhnenovokutlumbetyevo.

Verkhnenovokutlumbetyevo is a village on the picturesque right bank of the river Big Kinel. Founded in 1780. Population - 257 people. Mostly Tatars. Verkhnenovokutlumbetyevo is the local name of Sharkaevo from the Tatar language "cher kaen" - "everywhere birch".

Matveyevka , the administrative center of the Matveyevsky district. Founded by settlers of the village of Ivanovka, Tambov Province . The reason for the search for a new place was the shortage and low fertility of the land, the frequent hunger years. They sent a walker (a former soldier) to the Urals to choose a suitable place for resettlement, where he found a place for a farm on the Zerikla River (to the west of the village of Radovka). Thus, in the summer of 1775, when seventeen families headed by Matvey Sviridov arrived at a picturesque place in north-western Orenburg, a small hamlet was formed, which was originally named Sviridovka by the name of Elder Matthew, and only after his death the village received its present name - Matveyevka . After 3 years, they moved to the source of the Sadak River due to inconvenience - the marshy surroundings of the former farm. 1775 is considered the foundation year of the village of Matveyevka. This date is mentioned in archival documents, but the old-timers of the village (the beginning of the 20th century) believe (according to the stories of their fathers and grandfathers) that the resettlement was earlier, so the exact date has not yet been established.

Matveyevka began to expand: new immigrants began to arrive. The first to build was Bolshaya Street (now Revolutionary Street), named because of the piazza that was located here and the malls that stretched along both sides of the street. Then they began to allocate land in other parts of the village, there were such streets as Bezvodovka, Grishaivka, Golyanka, Korobovka and shopping malls moved to where the shopping center is currently located.

The building of the Selkhozprodukty store used to belong to the merchant Volkov; on the contrary, there was the manufactory shop Zhemkov. Where the former hardware store now stands, there was a large barn, barns also stretched along the right side of Komsomolskaya Street. In Matveyevka at that time there were 58 stores. In 1830–1834, a beautiful church was built in the village (on the site of the newspaper Novaya Zhizn), which was destroyed during collectivization in 1935. In the same year, the Matveyevsky district was organized, which included 21 village councils with a population of more than 34,000 people from 86 settlements.

On March 9, 2005, in accordance with the law of the Orenburg Region No. 1904/312-III-OZ ^[5] , 16 municipalities (rural settlements) were formed within the district, the boundaries of municipalities were established.

On June 26, 2013, the disbanded Azamatovo Village Council ^{[6] was} included in the Kinelsky Village Council , and the disbanded Boriskinsky Village Council ^{[7] was} included in the Timoshkinsky Village Council .

National composition

Tatar settlements - Azamatovo, Verkhnovokutlumbetyevo, Nizhnenovokutlumbetyevo, Novoashirovo, Staroashirovo, Starokutlumbetyevo, Staroyakupovo.

In Matveyevsky district there are 35 settlements in 14 rural settlements ^[17] :

The main economic potential of the area is agriculture . The district specializes in the production of sunflower, potatoes. Agricultural products are produced by: 3 agricultural production cooperatives (collective farms), 4 individual entrepreneurs, 5 limited liability companies.

• District Official Website
• District on the website of public authorities
• District on the site of the Orenburg region
• S.M. Strelnikov. Geographic names of the Orenburg region. Toponymic dictionary. - Ed. 2nd, amended and corrected. - Kuvandyk, 2002