Bollandists is a Catholic congregation , consisting mainly of Jesuit scholars, engaged in collecting, composing, and publishing the Lives of Saints and Manuscripts. Got the name of one of the founders of Jean Bolland .
History
Bollandists were called monks , mostly Jesuit order , engaged in the development of " Acta Sanctorum " ( 1643 - 1794 ), the collection of which was started by Herbert Rosveem and Bolland . The Antwerp Jesuit Roswade collected a huge number of manuscripts and intended to publish the lives of all saints, distributing the material into 18 parts (2 for the biography of Jesus and Mary, 1 for the feast of the saints, 12 for their lives, 3 for the martyrology, notes and instructions), but he managed to spend only preliminary work and in 1624 died. Two students of the latter, Godfroy Genschen ( 1600 - 1681 ) and Daniel Papebroch ( 1628 - 1714 ), continued the work of Bolland with the same zeal.
Papebroh invested all his funds in the creation of the Bolland library and museum in Antwerp . Other scientists began to gather around them: Janning , Barts , DiSollier , Pien , Cuipers , Van-den-Bosch , Van-den-Velde , Limpin , Shtiker , Stilting , Syusken , Perrier , Cle , de Bier , Geschieres de Bi , Guben and Bertod .
Bollandists made several trips to Italy , Germany, Austria, France and Spain in order to replenish the investigations made by Genshen and Papebrokh. The funds necessary for this were obtained from various sovereign princes who paid for the works dedicated to them. In addition, Yanning managed to secure the patronage of the Austrian emperor, and in 1716, Charles VI agreed to pay the society one-time payment of 10,800 francs and to issue an annual benefit of 3,620 francs for 10 years. The issuance of pensions continued until 1773 .
The work of the society continued correctly until 1773, when, as a result of the persecution of the Jesuits, the papal bull Clement XIV and the decree of Maria Theresa about the dissolution of the society itself followed, and P. Kle was even subjected to two years ’imprisonment. But already in 1778, Kandenberg Abbey received permission to reconvene Bollandists, who were ordered to finish their labors within 10 years and over 10 volumes.
With the destruction, two years after Kandenberg Abbey, the Bollandists established their residence in the Jesuit College of Brussels. Premonstrant monks and Benedictines joined the Jesuits. The Bollandist Museum was sold by Joseph II to Tongarloo Abbey for 23 thousand florins . But the revolution again dispersed the monks ( December 6, 1791 ).
The museum was saved from looting by the abbey farmers. More than forty years passed after that, before the work of the bollandists began to continue. In 1825, the remains of the museum were re-purchased by Willem I , King of the Netherlands ; and its printed collections were placed in The Hague, manuscripts in Brussels. The honor of restoring the Bollendist society belongs to the famous French historian Guizot . He published in 1836 a project for further work in France. King Leopold I immediately laid them on the Belgian Jesuits.
Two hundred years later, after the appearance of the first volume in 1845, the LIV volume appeared. Since then, the transformed Bollandist society has been located at the Saint-Michel College in Antwerp .
Total 63 volumes were published. In addition to the “Acta Sanctorum”, this huge collection of essays contains many important considerations on various issues of church history: Papebrokh’s Propyleum Diplomaticum, etc.
Acta Sanctorum has been reprinted many times. In addition to the original edition, there is a publication published in Basel in the 18th century , and another one belonging to Victor Palme ( 1863 - 1867 ). To him, Rigollo published one volume Actuaria ( 1875 ). Supplements are published from 1882 in Paris and Brussels in Analecta Bollandiana .
From 1877 , Charles de Smedt (deceased in 1911 ) became the head of the work of the last generation of Bollandists. In 1912-1941, the chairman of the society was Hippolyte Delee , one of the founders of the modern scientific study of hagiographic texts.
Literature
- Bollandists // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- Encyclopedia "Christianity, in 3 - x volumes", - M .: BDT, 1993-1995, 863 + 671 + 783 ss.