White stone

The 2001 All-Ukrainian Census showed the following distribution by native speakers ^[9]

Population Dynamics

The village is located in the central part of the district, at the beginning of the northwestern slopes of the Second Ridge of the Crimean Mountains , in a gorge surrounded by picturesque limestone cliffs , which determined the origin of both the modern and the old names (Syuyur-Tash, translated from Crimean Tatar as “sharp stone” ), the height of the village center above sea level is 233 m ^[24] . Transport communication is carried out along the regional highway 35Н-073 Belokamennoye - highway 35Р-001 (Simferopol - Sevastopol) ^[25] (according to the Ukrainian classification - С-0-10235 ^[26] ), the distance to the district center is about 11 kilometers ^[27] , the nearest railway Lilac station and platform 1501 km , both about 5 kilometers away. The village has practically grown together with neighboring Turgenevka .

The historical name of the village is Syuyrtash . Syuyur ( Crimean-Tat. Süyrü , in dialects süyür ) in translation from Crimean Tatar means “sharp”, tash ( Crimean-Tat. Taş ) - “stone”. The variant of the name Sivri-Tash, found in some historical documents, reflects the Turkish (Turkish : sivri ) and the southern coastal dialect version of the word "sharp"; there are also the writings of Syuyrtash, Syuyrutash, Sivritash. In many documents of local authorities, bus schedules ^[28] , as well as the villagers themselves, a variant of the name Belokamenka is used ^[22] .

According to the testimony of European ambassadors and missionaries ( Martin Bronevsky , 1578 ^[29] and Emiddio Dortelli d'Ascoli ^[30] , 1634), until 1604 there was a community of descendants of the Genoese who fled from Caffa in 1475 after the Ottoman conquest of the city in the possession of the Crimean khans and taken to the Khan's diplomatic service. Foreign ambassadors lived here in the 16th century. The community had in the village a Roman Catholic church in the name of St. John, and the head of the community bore the title “syuyurtash-bei”. At the beginning of the XVII century, the descendants of the Genoese were resettled in the village of Foti-Sala ). Even at the beginning of the 20th century, the residents of Suyur-Tash showed a well in the village, according to legend, built by the local Genoese.

In the Cameral Description of the Crimea in 1784, three villages of the Bakche-Sarai Kadylyk Baky-Saray Kaymakanism are mentioned - Sevirtash , another Sevritash and the third Sevritash ^[31] - parishes-maale of a large village ^[32] . After the annexation of Crimea to Russia (April 8, 19 April 1783 ^[33] , (8) February 19, 1784, by the registered decree of Catherine II to the Senate , in the territory of the former Crimean Khanate the Tauride Region was formed and the village was assigned to Simferopol Uyezd ^[34] . After the Pavlovsk reforms, from 1796 to 1802, it was part of the Akmechet district of Novorossiysk province ^[35] . According to the new administrative division, after the creation of the Tauride province ^[36] on October 8 (20), 1802, in the Chorgun volost of Simferopol district.

According to the Vedomosti, about all the villages in Simferopol Uyezd consisting of an indication in which the volost is the number of yards and souls ... of October 9, 1805 , in Syuyrtash, 365 people of Crimean Tatars lived in 46 yards ^[10] . On the military topographic map of Major General Mukhin in 1817, there are 60 courtyards in the village ^[37] . As a result of the reform of 1829, according to the Gazette on the official volosts of the Tauride province of 1829 , Syuyrtash was assigned to Duvancoi volost ^[38] . On the map of 1842, 69 yards are indicated in the village ^[39] .

In the 1860s, after the Zemstvo reform of Alexander II , the village was assigned to the Karales parish . In the “List of Populated Places of the Tauride Province” of 1864, Suyurtash contains a communal Tatar village (and owner’s dachas), with 431 inhabitants, 87 courtyards and 2 mosques at a nameless spring ^[11] , and 75 yards on a three-verst map of 1865–1876 ^{[40] ]} . For 1886, in the village of Surtash , according to the directory “Volosts and important villages of European Russia”, 523 people lived in 112 households, 3 mosques and 2 shops functioned ^[12] . According to the "Memorial Book of the Tauride Province" of 1889, in the village, in 140 yards, 723 people lived ^[13] , on the 1890 verst map - 152 yards inhabited by Crimean Tatars ^[41] .

After the Zemstvo reform of the 1890s ^{[42], the} village remained part of the transformed Karales parish. According to the "... Memorial Book of the Tauride Province for 1892" , in the village of Syuertash, which was part of the Teberta Rural Society , there were 669 inhabitants in 116 households. 1427.5 acres of land were in common ownership ^[14] . The population grew and by the All-Russian census of 1897 in the village there were 821 inhabitants, of which 815 were Crimean Tatars ^[15] . According to the "... Memorial Book of the Tauride Province for 1902" in the village of Syuertash, which was part of the Teberta Rural Society, there were, for some reason, 669 inhabitants in 107 households ^[16] . At the beginning of the 20th century, at least 2 maale existed in the village - Yukhary and Ashagi-Maale; in 1912, in the parish of Yukhara-Ma'ale, and in 1913 in Ashagi-Ma'ale, the construction of new meteb buildings was underway ^[43] . According to the Statistical Directory of the Tauride Province. Part II. Statistical essay, issue of the sixth Simferopol Uyezd, 1915 , in the village of Syyurtash, Karalez volost of Simferopol Uyezd, there were 150 yards with a Tatar population of 853 registered residents and 116 - “outsiders”. In common possession there were 921 tithes of convenient land and 44 tithes of inconvenience, all yards with land. The farms had 215 horses, 14 oxen, 80 cows, 92 calves and foals, and 1370 heads of small livestock ^[17] .

After the establishment of Soviet power in Crimea, according to the decision of the Krymrevkom of January 8, 1921 ^[44] , the volost system was abolished and the village became part of the Bakhchisarai district of Simferopol district ^[45] , and in 1922 the districts were called districts ^[46] . On October 11, 1923, according to the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the administrative division of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was amended, as a result of which the districts were abolished and the Bakhchisarai district became the main administrative unit ^[47] and the village was included in its composition. According to the List of settlements of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic according to the All-Union Census on December 17, 1926 , in the village of Syuyrtash, the center of the Syuyrtash village council of the Bakhchisarai district, there were 193 yards, of which 184 were peasant, the population was 780 people (393 men and 387 women). In national terms, 763 Tatar and 17 Russians were taken into account, a Tatar school was operating ^[19] . According to the All-Union Population Census of 1939, 655 people lived in the village ^[20] .

On May 18, 1944, according to GKO Decree No. 5859 of May 11, 1944, all Crimean Tatars were deported to Central Asia ^[48] . On August 12, 1944, Resolution No. GOKO-6372s “On the Relocation of Collective Farmers to the Crimea” was adopted, according to which 6,000 collective farmers were planned to be resettled ^[49], and in September 1944 the first new settlers (2,146 families) came from the Oryol and Bryansk Regions of the RSFSR , and in the early 1950s a second wave of immigrants from various regions of Ukraine followed ^[50] . On August 21, 1945, the Syuyrtash was renamed Belokamennoe, and the Syuyrtash village council was renamed Belokamensky ^[51] . On June 25, 1946, Belokamennaya as part of the Crimean region of the RSFSR ^[52] , and on April 26, 1954, the Crimean region was transferred from the RSFSR to the Ukrainian SSR ^[53] .

The time for the abolition of the village council has not yet been established: on June 15, 1960, the village was part of the Predoshelnensky village council ^[54] , in 1968 - as part of the subsequently abolished Podgorodnensky ^[55] , and since 1970 - in the Zheleznodorozhny village council ^[22] . According to the 1989 census , 260 people lived in the village ^[20] . On February 12, 1991, a village in the restored Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ^[56] , on February 26, 1992, was renamed the Autonomous Republic of Crimea ^[57] . Since March 21, 2014 - as part of the Republic of Crimea of ​​Russia ^[58] .

In Belokamenny, there are 5 streets ^[59] , the area occupied by the village, according to the Village Council, for 2009 was 91 hectares with 107 yards ^{[22] [60]} .

Belokamennoe is connected by bus with Simferopol ^[28] and Bakhchisarai ^[61] .

• Zheleznodorozhny village council // Cities and villages of Ukraine. Autonomous Republic of Crimea. The city of Sevastopol. Historical and local history essays. - Glory of Sevastopol, 2009.
• Volume 14. Novorossia and Crimea // Russia. Full geographical description of our country. Handbook and travel book for Russian people. / ed. Semenova-Tyan-Shansky V.P. - St. Petersburg: A.F. Devrien, 1910.
• Administrative-territorial transformations in the Crimea. 1783-1998 Handbook / Ed. G. N. Grzhibovskoy . - Simferopol: Tavria-Plus, 1999 .-- 464 p. - ISBN 966-7503-22-4 .
• O. Gaivoronsky. Genoese in the Crimean Khanate // "Qasevet", a historical and ethnographic magazine. - Simferopol: Tavrida, 2008 .-- T. 33. - S. 6.

• with Bіlokam'yan Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Bakhchisaraysky district (Ukrainian) . Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Date of treatment October 6, 2014.
• Map sheet L-36-116 Bakhchisaray . Scale: 1: 100,000. Status of the terrain for 1984. 1988 edition
• Map of the Bakhchisaray region of Crimea. Detailed map of Crimea - Bakhchisarai district (Neopr.) (Inaccessible link) . crimea-map.com.ua. Date of treatment October 19, 2014. Archived February 1, 2014.