Armored cruisers of the "Prince Adalbert" type ( German: Prinz Adalbert ) are warships of the German imperial fleet during the First World War . They became an improved version of the cruiser " Prince Henry ". Outwardly, they resembled the Yakumo , a Japanese cruiser of German construction. The project was developed in the type of " York ".
| Armored cruisers of the Prince Adalbert type | |
|---|---|
| Prinz Adalbert-Classe Großer Kreuzer | |
 Armored Cruiser Prince Adalbert | |
| Project | |
| A country |
|
| Prior type | Prinz heinrich |
| Subsequent type | York |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 9875 tons |
| Length | 126.5 m |
| Width | 19.6 m |
| Draft | 7.8 m |
| Reservation | Krupp armor Belt - 75 ... 100 mm, deck - 40 mm (on bevels 50 mm), towers - 150 mm, casemates - 100 mm, conning tower - 150 mm |
| Engines | 3 triple expansion steam engines , 14 steam boilers |
| Power | 17 000 liters from. |
| Mover | 3 screws |
| Speed | 20.5 knots |
| Sailing range | 5000 nautical miles at 12 knots |
| Crew | 567 people |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 2 × 2 - 210 mm / 40, 10 × 1 - 150 mm / 40, 12 × 1 - 88 mm / 35, 4 × 1 - 7.92 mm machine gun |
| Mine torpedo armament | 4 × 1 - 450 mm torpedo tubes |
Content
Design
The hull of the cruisers was divided by waterproof bulkheads into 14 main compartments . The double bottom went over 60% of the length [1] . The hull of the ships was dialed by a mixed dialing system.
Booking
The main armor belt , two meters wide, extended along the waterline from minus the second frame to the stem. The belt rises above the water by 0.7 m. The thickness of the plates within the citadel (frames 21-72) was 100 mm, at the ends 80 mm. Armor plates were mounted on a teak 50 mm thick.
Above the belt towered a hexagonal in plan and protected by 100 mm armor citadel. Above the citadel was a rectangular casemate protected by 100 mm armor. In general, the reservation system repeated the type of "Prince Henry" [2] .
Towers of the main caliber: vertical 150 mm, roof 30 mm. Medium caliber towers had walls 100 mm thick.
Bow conning: walls 150 mm, roof 30 mm, stern respectively 20 and 20 mm.
The thickness of the horizontal armor of the deck within the citadel is 40 mm, the slopes had a thickness of 50 mm and were adjacent to the lower edge of the belt [1] . Outside the citadel, the deck and bevels were 80 mm thick.
Armament
The armament of the ship consisted of two two-gun turret artillery mounts of 210 mm C / 01 rapid-fire guns with a barrel length of 40 calibers, which were installed in the bow and stern in the diametrical plane. The angle of vertical guidance is 5 ° + 30 °. The guns had the largest range of an aimed shot of 16 300 m, the ammunition of 340 shells [1] .
The artillery of medium caliber consisted of 10 quick-firing guns of caliber 150 mm / 40. Ammunition was originally 1,200 rounds, later 1,500 [1] [3] .
Auxiliary artillery included 12 rapid-firing guns on the central pin C / 01 with a barrel length of 35 calibers. The vertical guidance angle of the 88-mm guns was 5 ° + 25 °, the range of the aimed shot was 49.1 cable, the ammunition was originally 3000 shots, later 1800 [1] [3] .
To arm the landing parties, there were 297 mod rifles . 98 and revolvers mod. 79 [4] . A drawback traditional for many ships of that time: the lower tier of the central casemate was too low, its guns flooded with moderate sea swell. The torpedo armament of the cruisers consisted of four 450 mm submarine torpedo tubes: one bow, two airborne and one stern with a total ammunition of 11 torpedoes [5] .
Powerplant
Three 3-cylinder triple expansion steam engines rotated three screws of various diameters: the average three-blade 4.5 m, two onboard four-blade 4.8 meters [5] . The coal reserve is 1570 tons. Design capacity of the power plant: 17,000 liters. from. [1] Steam was produced by 14 steam boilers of Dürr (42 furnaces) with a pressure of 14.25 atm., Located in three boiler rooms. The total heating surface was 4600 m² [5] . Each boiler room had its own pipe [5] .
Electricity to the ships was provided by four dynamos with a total capacity of 246 kW , voltage of 110 volts [5] .
Service History
“ Prince Adalbert ” - founded in 1900, launched on June 22, 1901, entered into service on January 12, 1904 .
On October 23, 1915, the commander of the British E-8 submarine operating in the Baltic, captain-lieutenant Goodhard, discovered “Prince Adalbert”, accompanied by two destroyers, walking along the line of the Libyan lighthouses between two strips of German minefields. Skipping the destroyers, Goodhard fired a volley with 5 cable . The torpedo hit the area of the bow artillery cellars. The explosion was such a force that the E-8 itself , having lost control, was thrown to the surface from under the water. Fortunately, the destroyers at that moment all sharply turned their heads to the place where the cruiser had just been. Only three sailors were rescued from his crew. 672 were lost. Since the beginning of World War I, the German fleet did not suffer such losses in the Baltic. Captain Lieutenant Goodhard for this attack was awarded the Order of St. George IV degree.
" Friedrich Karl " - founded in 1901, launched on June 21, 1902, entered into service on December 12, 1903 .
On November 17, 1914, 30 miles west of Memel , Friedrich Karl was blown up by a Russian mine. The commander of the ship considered that he had been attacked by an English submarine and ordered to leave in full swing to the west in order to avoid a second torpedo. After 11 minutes, the Friedrich Karl again blew up a mine. After 5 hours of fighting for the survivability of the ship, the crew left the cruiser, shot by the Augsburg cruiser, who managed to get to the crash site. The explosion killed 8 people.
Project Evaluation
| Gluar [6] | Cressi [7] | Friedrich Karl [1] | Izumo [8] | Bayan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bookmark year | 1899 | 1898 | 1901 | 1898 | 1900 | |||
| Year of commissioning | 1903 | 1901 | 1903 | 1900 | 1903 | |||
| Normal displacement, t | 9856 | 12 193 | 9087 | 9906 | 7326 | |||
| Full, t [com. one] | ? | 9875 | 10 305? | 8238 | ||||
| PowerPM , l from. | 21 800 | 21,000 | 17,000 | 14,500 | 16 500 | |||
| Maximum speed, knots | 21.5 | 21 | 20.5 | 20.75 | 20.9 | |||
| Range, miles (on the go, knots.) | 6500 (10) | 7200 (10) | 5000 (12) | 4900 (10) | 3900 (10) | |||
| Booking mm | ||||||||
| Type of armor [room 2] | HS | The cop | The cop | The cop | HS | |||
| Belt | 150 | 152 | one hundred | 178 | 200 | |||
| Deck (bevels) | 55 (45) | 38 (38) | 40 (50) | 63 (63) | 60 | |||
| Towers | 170 | 152 | 150 | 152 | 150 | |||
| Barbets | 140 | 152 | 150 | 152 | 150 | |||
| Cutting | 150 | 305 | 150 | 356 | 160 | |||
| Armament | 2 × 194 mm / 40 8 × 1 × 164 mm / 45 6 × 100 mm 18 × 1 × 47 mm / 43 2 TA | 2 × 1 × 234 mm / 46.7 12 × 1 × 152 mm / 45 12 × 1 × 76.2 mm / 40 2 TA | 2 × 2 × 210 mm / 40 10 × 1 × 150 mm / 40 12 × 1 × 88 mm / 35 4 TA | 2 × 2 × 203 mm / 40 14 × 1 × 152 mm / 40 12 × 1 × 76.2 mm / 40 5 TA | 2 × 203 mm / 45 8 × 1 × 152 mm / 45 20 × 1 × 75 mm / 50 2 TA | |||
Comments
- ↑ For British and American ships in the sources, displacement is given in long tons , so it is converted to metric tons
- ↑ For five inches and thicker.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gröner . Band 1. - P.76
- ↑ Pakhomov
- ↑ 1 2 Pakhomov N.A. Armored cruisers of Germany. - S. 34.
- ↑ Pakhomov 35
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Gröner . Band 1. - P.77
- ↑ All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905 / R. Gardiner. - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1979.- P. 305.
- ↑ All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, 1980 , p. 68.
- ↑ All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, 1980 , p. 225.
Literature
- Nenakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia of the Cruisers 1860-1910. - M .: AST, 2006. - ISBN 5-17-030194-4 .
- All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905 / R. Gardiner. - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1980 .-- 448 p. - ISBN 0-85177-133-5 .
- Pakhomov N.A. Armored cruisers of Germany. - Samara: Eastflot, 2006. - ISBN 5-98830-021-9 .
- Gröner, Erich. Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815-1945. Band 1: Panzerschiffe, Linienschiffe, Schlachschiffe, Flugzeugträger, Kreuzer, Kanonenboote. - Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1982. - 180 p. - ISBN 978-3763748006 .