Sun Chuanfang ( Chinese trad. 孫傳芳 , Ex . 孙传芳 , Pinyin : Sūn Chuánfāng ; 1885 , Lichen - November 13, 1935 , Tianjin ), also known as the Nanjing Voivode or the head of the “League of Five Provinces” - the Chinese militarist who belonged to the Zhili klik , and the protégé of the Jade Marshal Wu Payfu (1874-1939). [four]
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Biography
Born in Licheng in Shandong Province, Sun Chuanfang received a military education from Beiyang Military Academy. In 1904 he was sent to Japan to continue his studies. Upon his return, Sun Chuanfang joined the Beiyang militarists , and later joined the Zhili clique and quickly advanced in service. [5] .
March 20, 1923 Sun Chuanfang became the military governor of Fujian province .
In 1924, with the start of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang war, Sun Chuanfang assumed command of the Fourth Army stationed in Fujian . During the fighting, he supported his ally Qi Seyuan , attacked the troops of the governor of Zhejiang Province and Shanghai Lu Yongxian from the south, as a result of which the latter was defeated, and the Chinese part of Shanghai was captured by the victors. As a reward, Sun Chuanfang received the post of military governor of Zhejiang Province ( September 20, 1924 - December 19, 1926 ). His allies in the north of the Zhili clique were defeated in the Second Zhili-Fengtian War , with the result that their northern provinces passed to the Manchu ruler Zhang Jolin and the Hominjun clique under the leadership of Feng Yuxiang . In January 1925, during the Anhui-Fengtian Expedition led by Zhang Zongchang, these allies briefly seized the province of Jiangsu and Shanghai . Not having support from Sun Chuanfang, Qi Xiyuan was forced to flee to Japan in late January. His army was inherited by Sun Chuanfang. In the autumn, he went on the counter and ousted Zhang Zongchan. Over the next two years, Sun Chuanfang extended his influence to the provinces of Jiangsu , Fujian , Anhui and Jiangxi . On November 25, 1925, he became the military governor of Jiangsu and moved his headquarters to Nanjing . [6] .
The northern expedition , undertaken by the National Revolutionary Army under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek , put an end to his rule. In March 1927, Shanghai was taken and Sun Chuanfang fled to Dalian occupied by the Japanese. On November 13, 1935, he died in Tianjin at the hands of Shi Jianqiao , the daughter of officer Shi Zongbin, who had fought ten years earlier in Shandong Province on the side of Zhang Zholin . In October 1925, during the war between the Zhili and Fengtian cliques, Sun Chuanfang captured Shi Tsongbin and ordered him to cut off his head and set it on top. The daughter who had avenged him received warm support from public opinion and was finally pardoned by the Kuomintang government.
See also
- The era of militarists in China
- Zhili clique
- History of the Republic of China
Notes
- ↑ National Library of Australia - 1960.
- ↑ Artnet - 1998.
- ↑ Faceted Application of Subject Terminology
- ↑ Liu Haisu: Artistic Rebel . www.china.org.cn. The appeal date is March 22, 2008. Archived April 8, 2012.
- ↑ Eugenia Lean, Public Passions , University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, 2007. pg. 29-30
- ↑ Arthur Waldron From War to Nationalism , Cambridge University Press, 1995