Dzhansugurov, Ilyas

He was born on May 1, 1894 in the aul No. 4 of Aksuyskaya in the Kopalsky district of the Semirechensk region ^[1] . Comes from the Naiman of the Middle Zhuz tribe ^[2] .

Until 1920, he lived and grew in the aul, grazing cattle and was engaged in agriculture. At that time, he could not receive appropriate training, since there were no schools in his area. Thanks to his thirst for knowledge, he persistently engaged in self-education and therefore was able to read and write in Kazakh. Loving folk literature, he tried to master it and became a good storyteller of some Kazakh epics and folk poems. Already in 1916 he got acquainted with the works of Abai, Shangirey, Baitursunov, Bulatov, Karashev, Khudaiberdiev and read all the publications of Ulen Kitab of Kazakh literature.

Ilyas is a poet, playwright, prose writer, feuilleton player, satirist, journalist, translator.

After completing short-term teacher courses in Tashkent (1920) he worked as a teacher, was an employee of the newspaper Tilshi (Correspondent; now Zhetysu ).

Since 1922 he headed the Institute of Education in Verny ( Almaty ).

In 1925-1928 he studied at the Communist Institute of Journalism in Moscow.

In 1928-1932, he was an employee of the newspaper "Enbekshi Kazakh" (now " Egemen Kazakhstan ").

In 1932-1934 - Chairman of the Organizing Commission and 1st Chairman of the Writers' Union of Kazakhstan . Member of the First Congress of Soviet Writers (1934).

Since 1934 - editor of Kazpolitizdat, at the same time is a member of the Central Executive Committee of KazASSR.

In 1937 he was arrested on political charges. He was shot on February 26, 1938 by the verdict of the "troika", rehabilitated posthumously in 1957.

He began to write in 1912. The first poems “Saryarka” (“Saryarka”) and “Tilek” (“Wish”) were published in the journal “Saryarka” in 1917.

The works “Baishubar” (“Baishubar”, 1923), “Balalarga tartu” (“A Gift for Children”, 1926) played a large role in the aesthetic education of adolescents. In 1928, the first collection of works “Saganak” (“Saganak”) was published. By the poems “Kүy” (“Kйy”, 1929), “Kүyшi” (“Kйyшиi”, 1934) proved himself an expert on Kazakh music.

The poem “Ulager” (“Kulager”, 1937) became a classic of Kazakh literature. Attractive images of heroes, subtle lyricism, excellent examples of 11-complex Kazakh verse allow us to call "Құlager" the pearl of Kazakh poetry. The hero of the poem is Akan Sulfur, a singer and poet of the 19th century. Zhansugurov refers to one of the most tragic episodes in the life of Akan sulfur, when envious people killed his beloved ambler - Kulager, who won the baiga.

Zhansugurov is the author of the plays Kek (Revenge, 1931), Turksib, Isatay-Makhambet (1936).

His feuilleton and satirical short stories “Soz Kamysbaeva!” (“The Word to Kamysbaev!”), “Izet” (“Honor”), “Shalgybai” and others were published in the collection “Izet”.

I. Zhansugurov participated in the compilation of textbooks for schools and the first Kazakh calendar; He was engaged in literary criticism, preparation for printing works of Kazakh folklore, and literary translation. He translated the works of classics into Kazakh: A. Pushkin (“Eugene Onegin”, two poems and 30 poems), M. Lermontov, N. Nekrasov, Y. Kupala, D. Poor, M. Gorky, V. Mayakovsky, G. Heine , V. Hugo, G. Tukai, A. Lahuti. He made a significant contribution to the development of national poetry culture, creatively developed the traditions of Kazakh oral folk art, Abay poetry.

• Taldy-Kurgan Pedagogical Institute (now Zhetysu University), when it was created in 1972, was named after Ilyas Zhansugurov.
• In Taldy-Kurgan, at the intersection of Abay and Lenin Streets (now Tauelsizdіk) , a literary and memorial museum was opened in 1985 dedicated to the life and work of the poet. A bust of Zhansugurov is installed in front of the museum.
• In 1994, a monument to Ilyas Zhansugurov was erected at the intersection of Zhansugurov and Balapanov Streets in Taldykorgan. Architect - T. Dosmagambetov. In 1995, the monument was included in the category of monuments of republican scale ^[3] .
• In 1990, in Taldy-Kurgan, one of the main highways of the city - Kirova street was renamed to Zhansugurova street .
• In 1990, in Alma-Ata, one of the city's highways - Belinsky Street - was renamed Zhansugurova Street .
• In Astana , one of the city streets - Uchilishchnaya Street - was renamed to Zhansugurov Street.
• In Shymkent , one of the important streets of the city - Shaumyan Street - was renamed to Zhansugurov Street.
• The streets of Zhansugurov are in the cities of Tekeli , Urjar , and a number of small villages in Kazakhstan.
• In 1964, the village of Abakumovka was renamed Dzhansugurovo, later Zhansugurov .
• Gymnasium No. 130 in Almaty is named after Ilyas Zhansugurov.
• In the village of Zhanalyk, where mass graves were discovered (executions of 1938), the school is named after Ilyas Zhansugurov.
• The Republican Foundation of Ilyas Zhansugurov was opened ^[4]

• The manuscript of the poem “Kulager” was irretrievably lost during the arrest of the poet; the numbers of the newspaper “Socialist Kazakhstan”, where it was printed, were removed from the libraries. But after Zhansugurov’s rehabilitation, this selection of newspaper issues was brought to the Sapargali Begalin family, who had kept it sewn in a pillow for 20 years. The poem was immediately included in the forthcoming poet’s first edition ^[5] .
• Part of the poet’s archive that survived the arrest was kept in the village by a relative of the poet’s wife, Usman Zhilkibaev, and the other part of 43 years was hidden by the NKVD investigator Golubyatnikov, who gave the authorities a receipt on her destruction. Papers were found in his house after the death of the owner in 1980. Among them, they found the novel “Ak-Bilek” of Jusypbek Aymautov , who was arrested five years earlier, who was hiding from the authorities Zhansugurov.

He was married 4 times.

• The first wife (1912-1914) - Zhamila, was the widow of his uncle (daughter of a local bai) ^[6] .
• The second wife (1922-1925) - Amansha Berentaeva, who died while pregnant and with poor health, could not stand prenatal contractions, at that moment Zhansugurov was away to study at the Communist Institute of Journalism in Moscow ^[6] .
• The third wife (1929-1931) is Fatima (Batima) Torebaeva. Married children: son Sayat ^[7] and daughter Saira. During Fatima’s departure to study in Moscow, Zhansugurov starts relations on the side with the wife of the famous teacher Bilyal Suleev Fatima Gabitova. In 1931, Zhansugurov divorced Fatima Torebaeva, and in 1943 she died of tuberculosis ^[6] .
• The fourth wife (1932-1938) ^[8] - Fatima Gabitova (national Tatar). In connection with the arrest, Bilyala Suleeva divorced and married Zhansugurov, and after his death, Mukhtar Auezov ^[9] .

Children married to Fatima Gabitova

• Daughter - Umut Zhansugurova (1933), doctor.
• Daughter - Ilfa Zhansugurova-Zhandosova (1935) - teacher, German language teacher, former president of the foundation Ilyas Zhansugurova
• Son - Bulat Ilyasovich Gabitov-Zhansugurov (1937-2004) - the famous Kazakhstan film playwright ^{[10] [11]}

Adopted Children

Ilyas Zhansugurov adopted two children from the marriage of Fatima Gabitova with Bilyal Suleev:

• Son - Zhanibek Suleev (1923-1943) - died in the Great Patriotic War near Smolensk
• Son - Azat Suleev (1930-1997) - Turkologist (translation from Kazakh into Russian)

Children married to Fatima Torebaeva

• Sayat Zhansugurov (1930) - miner, candidate of technical sciences.

Lyrics of Ilyas Dzhansugurov. 1964 ^[12]

• Zhansugurov, Ilyas // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2005. - T. II. - ISBN 9965-9746-3-2 .

When writing this article, material from the publication Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia ”(1998-2007), provided by the editors of the“ Kazakh Encyclopedia ”under a Creative Commons BY-SA 3.0 Unported license .