Dina Nurpeisova

Born in 1861 in the town of Naryn-Kum, now the West Kazakhstan region. Dombra was trained by her father. She was one of three daughters in the Kenzhe family of the Tolenghit clan. Her two sisters skillfully sang, and her father suggested that Dina should accompany their singing by playing the dombra. Her father became the first teacher of Dina, and later Kurmangazy himself became her mentor. Since childhood, she has performed so well kui Dauletkerei , Kurmangazy , Mukhit, Musirali, Uzak, Alikei, Turkesh, Yeszhan , Baizhuma, Balamaisana and other well-known kuishs that they called her “dombris girl”. Her fame spread so far that the famous kiuishi Kurmangazy came to listen to a nine-year-old girl. He was pleased with the game of Dina, blessed her, and later did not lose sight of him, took with him to various musical competitions, showed her special methods of playing the dombra. Until the nineteenth anniversary, until she was married, the development of Dina was led by Kurmangazy. The fact that the famous kiuishi became Dina’s mentor was a success not only for her personally, but also for all who love the art of kui.

But Dina Nurpeis Makatuly’s husband died in 1885 , five years after marriage. When her husband died, Dina was in position on the third child. Therefore, it was called Zhurynbay, Zhuryn means “remaining”. After the death of her husband, according to the steppe amengerism law , Dina marries his older brother Nuraly. In memory of the first husband, she takes the name of Nurpeisov [1] . In this marriage, Dina Nurpeisova gave birth to several children, but in the terrible years of the famine she lost several. In 1937, on the instructions of the famous musicologist Akhmet Zhubanov , Dinu Nurpeisov found in the village of Kozlovo of the Marfinsky district of the Astrakhan region and brought Dombrist Smagul Koshekbayev to Alma-Ata . And in the fall she achieved her first success at the second national rally of folk talents. Here she skillfully performed her kyul “Bulbul”, as well as the works of Kurmangazy “Temrat” and “Ayran Sheshem”. The jury unanimously awarded her first place. In the same year she was hired by the Kazakh Philharmonic , and she was awarded the title "Honored Artist".

In 1939, the All-Union Competition of Performers on Folk Instruments was held in Moscow, in which 2,000 people participated. About two hundred participants passed to the second round of the competition, and only 53 people - to the third. As a result, the first place was immediately won by 9 performers, and among them Dina Nurpeisova. The famous Soviet musicologist V. M. Belyaev wrote about the performance of Dina Nurpeisova in the magazine “Soviet Music” (1939 No. 11) as follows: “The review raised the importance of folk musical instruments as a means for the development of the musical culture of the broad masses. That high mastery of the game on the Kazakh dombra, which Dina Nurpeisova showed - this “Dzhambul dombra“ is the best way of artistic agitation for the preservation and development of this and similar tools ”.

In 1944 the third decade of music of the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan took place in Tashkent. Dina Nurpeisova comes to the festival of art, she is 83 years old. In the same year she was awarded the title "People's Artist of the Kazakh SSR".

After the war, she took custody of her three granddaughters Akzhan, Balzhan and Gulzhan from the son of Zhurynbai, a war veteran who died of wounds. In 1916, according to the decree of the king, her son Zhurynbay was taken to work in the rear. The last public concert of the dombra female veteran gave in 1952 at the age of 91. She died January 31, 1955 in Almaty . Buried at the Central Cemetery of Almaty.

Dina closes the past with modernity. In this sense, her creative path is a kind of transitional stage, a link between the classical past and the modern state of dombra music. This transitional stage is characterized by complexity and inconsistency, it is marked by major events in the social and political life of the people (the liberation movement of 1916 , the revolution, the Great Patriotic War, the post-war reconstruction period).

Strong impressions were left in the mind of Dina Nurpeisova of the events of 1916 , when the tsarist government decided to mobilize men from 18 to 43 years old from among the residents of the national suburbs - those who were then called "foreigners." In many places of Kazakhstan, revolts against “requisition” broke out - this mobilization was officially called. The rebels also opposed the exploitation of workers by feudalism, which intensified during the world war. Dina responded with a kuei called “16 zhyl” (sixteenth year). Unlike the works of other folk composers of the same name, Dina’s “Sixteenth Year” is optimistic in its essence; there is no complaint, no crying, no despondency in it. In this kuyu, the tramp of the horses of the rebellious dzhigits is heard, the song of the cheering crowd, the joy of people who heard the news of the overthrow of the white king. Kuyu from the beginning to the end draws the strength and intransigence of the insurgent people.

Creatively fruitful times were years after the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan . Despite the fact that Dina met the revolution at the age of 57 years, her work not only does not weaken, but, on the contrary, takes on a more intensive character. Nurpeisov seeks to make up for lost years. She writes a lot, takes an active part in the creative reviews of folk talents. Dina composes Kui “қsm Konyr” about Soviet youth and “Toy Bastar” (Table), drawing the national holiday dedicated to the Soviet Constitution, “March 8”, “Sauinshy” (Milkmaid), “Enbek Yeri” (Hero of Labor) and others responsible Soviet themes.

At the beginning of the war, in 1941, Dina composes the kui "Ana buryury" ("Mother's Order").

All her life she has been perfecting her game, having achieved that highest skill, which allows, according to eyewitnesses, to talk about her unsurpassed dombra technique. Dina's compositions became classics of Kazakh dombra music, including kyuis “Bulbul”, “Kugen Tup”, “Baizhma”, “Zhiger” and others.

• In Kazakhstan, there are four recognized folk orchestras of folk instruments: in addition to the well-known Almaty Kazman state Akademist named after Kurmangazy and Otyrar Sazy, as well as the Karaganda name Tattimbet , this is the Dina Nurpeisova orchestra from Atyrau .
• In 2000, in Atyrau, on the square in front of the Dina Nurpeisova Music Academy, a bronze monument to the great dombristka was erected [2] .
• In 2011, in the regional center Zhanakala, in the small home of the composer, a monument to Nurpeisova was also erected. Her descendants attended the grand opening, among whom was Dina-kuisha's granddaughter, 87-year-old Ulmeken-ashe.
• In 2011, to the 150th anniversary of Nurpeisova in Kazakhstan, a commemorative postage stamp was issued.
• In the Turkish capital Ankara, in the Etimesgut district, a park named after the famous Kazakh dombra player Dina Nurpeisova was opened [3] .
• The name of Dina Nurpeissovoy is the aircraft of the airlines Air Astana, Embraer 190, registration number P4-KCH.
• The name of Dina Nurpeisova is the settlement and the passing of Kazakhstan Railways in the Atyrau region near the border with the Astrakhan region.