Hidekel, Lazar Markovich

Lazar Markovich Hidekel was born on December 16 (29), 1904 into a Jewish family ^[5] in Vitebsk. His father, Mordukh Aronovich (1867-1932), was also an architect. He studied under M. Dobuzhinsky , M. Chagall and K. Malevich . In 1918, at the age of 14, he was accepted as an exception (young age) to the Vitebsk Folk Art School, a student of M. Chagall and M. Dobuzhinsky in the watercolor class. In 1918-1919 - a student and apprentice of El Lissitzky in his Vitebsk architectural studio. At sixteen - a student and follower of Kazimir Malevich, one of the founders of UNOVIS , heads the Architectural Studio of UNOVIS. In 1922 he graduated from the Vitebsk Institute of Industrial Art. In 1922-1928 - headed the architectural laboratory of the State Institute of Architecture and Architecture (until 1926) and the State Research Institute . In 1929 he graduated from the Institute of Civil Engineers in Leningrad (LISI). Since 1934 - the head of the Lenproekt workshop. During the Great Patriotic War , he was the chief architect of the Mechanobr Institute. Lecturer, professor of the Leningrad Civil Engineering Institute, Dean of the Faculty of Architecture.

Lazar Hidekel died on November 22, 1986 in Leningrad. He was buried in the cemetery of the village of Komarovo .

Brother of the architect - Lev Markovich Hidekel .

Lazar Hidekel called himself an “artist-architect”, later adding the nickname “science fiction” as a reference to one of the central features of his art and architecture: “the vision of Suprematist structures floating in space”, which first appeared as earth space stations in his works of the Vitebsk period UNOVIS in 1920-1921 and later in futuristic cities, which he conceived in the mid-1920s.

Hydekel’s talent as an architect was recognized at an early stage, starting with his well-known 1926 workers club ^[6] , which went down in history as the world's first Suprematist architectural structure. In fact, starting with work with Elem Lissitzky on the transition from planar suprematism to three-dimensional, Hidekel became not just the first, but really the only suprematist architect. In his opinion, avant-garde architecture came from this modern pictorial system.

The study and publication of Hidekel’s Suprematist legacy followed several decades of the Stalinist ban and coincided with the gradual discovery of the Russian avant-garde and its creators during the Khrushchev thaw . This process, which began in the late 1960s, was the result of the efforts of a group of Soviet and foreign scientists.

So, L. A. Zhadova claimed that “Hidekel was Malevich’s chief assistant in his architectural experiments 1924-1925” ^[7] .

Today, this statement is fully confirmed by documents from the archives of GIHUK and GIIII - many first appeared in print in the book “Lazarus Hidekel and Suprematism” by I. N. Karasik in the book “Lazarus Hidekel and Suprematism” ^[8]

S.O. Khan-Magomedov , while working on the work “Pioneers of Soviet Architecture”, examined more than 150 public and private archives and found vital missing links in Hidekel’s archive. “Axonometric views of Hydekel, based on Suprematist compositions”, which inspired his series of space dwellings (1920-1921) and turned into works related to the Aero Club (1922-1923), were, according to Khan-Magomedov, “practically the first truly architectural compositions based on Suprematism . ” ^[9] Khan-Magomedov notes that, unlike Malevich’s paintings of 1915-1918, the works of Hidekel, along with several others that passed through the Lisitsky class in a projection drawing,“ did not consist of color geometer iCal figures, floating freely in the white space, and from elongated rectangles connected by a rigid cross-shaped composition " ^[9] . Hidekel regarded these graphic compositions as his contribution to the structural transformation of Suprematism. Describing the chain of influence: Malevich - Lissitzky - Hidekel - Nikolsky, Khan-Magomedov appreciated the role of Hidekel and the influence on his professors, as well as his architectural collaboration with Nikolsky and Simonov in the mid-1920s. Their jointly implemented works significantly contributed to the emergence of a peculiar type of Suprematist constructivism, which characterized the work of the Leningrad avant-garde and "contributed to the consolidation of the process of creative experimentation of Soviet architects." ^[9]

• cinema "Moscow" -   architectural monument (regional) ^[10] , Staro-Peterhof prospect , 6, 1937 - 1939 . The first Soviet three-hall movie theater. The cinema was built on the site of the Church of St. mchts. Catherine in Yekaterinhof .
• the building of the Law Institute at Leningrad State University - 98 Malookhtinsky Ave. Initially (from 1935 to 1937) the building was designed as a House of Culture. Since 1957, the building belongs to the Leningrad Hydrometeorological Institute .
• the building of the Leningrad Institute of Civil Engineers (LISI) 3rd Krasnoarmeyskaya st. , 3. The building was rebuilt in the 1970-1980s. ^[eleven]
• School - Butcher Street , No. 11. Together with brother Lev Markovich Hidekel
• School - Gorokhovaya St. 57-a, 1940,   architectural monument (newly identified object) ^[12]
• School - Obvodny Canal , No. 143 ^[13]

• Architects of St. Petersburg. XX century / comp. V. G. Isachenko ; ed. Yu. Artemyev, S. Prohvatilova. - SPb. : Lenizdat , 2000 .-- 720 p. - ISBN 5-289-01928-6 .
• S.O. Khan-Magomedov. Lazarus Hidekel. - M .: Russian Avant-Garde Foundation, 2008. - 132 p. - ISBN ISBN 978-5-91566-001-3 .
• Khan-Magomedov S. O. Architecture of the Soviet Avant-Garde: Book 1: Problems of Formation. Masters and currents. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1996. - S. 533-537. - 709 p. - ISBN 5-274-02045-3 .
• Lazar Khidekel and Suprematism. Prestel 2014 Editor and Introduction by Regina Khidekel, Charlotte Douglas, Alla Rosenfeld, Irina Karasik, Magdalena Dabrowski, Margarita Shtiglitz and Boris Kirikov.
• Lazarus Hidekel. Exhibition catalog. The Russian Museum. Palace Editions 2018. (Russian and English editions)
• S.O. Khan-Magomedov . The architecture of the Soviet avant-garde. // Library complex
• .

• Kazimir Malevich
• El Lissitzky
• Russian avant-garde
• Supremus
• Cosmos in Suprematism

• February 29, 2004 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of L. M. Hidekel (Russian)
• On the 30th anniversary of the release of L.Hidekel (Russian)
• http://www.nrs.com/news/portret/usa/090309_170146_85153.html (link not available)
• Hidekel, Lazar Markovich (Russian)
• UNOVIS (Russian)
• Paintings
• Surviving Suprematism: Lazar Khidekel. (eng.)
• The ideology of Vitebsk Unovis, the Jerusalem Temple and the Talmud (KS Malevich and El Lissitzky Squares). (Russian)
• Leningrad. Regional political and educational school. 1939 in the livejournal of Sergei Babushkin (Russian)
• https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/partner/Lazar-Khidekel-Society
• Documentary. Lazarus Hidekel. Taming the Talent
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