East-Even (Nagayev) Cultural Base - since the end of 1930 - the center of the Okhotsk-Even District in the Far Eastern Territory . It laid the foundation for Mr. Magadan .
History
In the 1930s and 1940s, in the North-East of the USSR, in accordance with the concept of the cultural revolution , a network of cultural bases, mobile “red yurts, plagues and yarang” was created to educate the local population and educate the younger generation. The construction of cultural bases and other issues of national policy was supervised by the state organization created in 1934 - the Committee of the North under the All-Russian Central Executive Committee with branches in many regions of the country, including and in the Far East. Terms that have never been used before were introduced into the circulation, such as “native population”, “native district”, “regional council”, etc.
The site for the construction of the East Even Cultural Base, called to become the cultural center of the "tuzraions", was determined by the deputy expedition. Chairman of the Far Eastern Committee of the North, Karl Yanovich Lux , who examined the Nagaev Bay in the summer of 1938. In his decision, he was guided not only by the results of the survey, but also by the recommendations of specialists, representatives of local authorities and local residents. In particular, in the Far Eastern regional newspaper “Pacific Star” in August 1938, an article was published by the chairman of the Olsky District Executive Committee, M. D. Petrov, “Nagaevo should become a port base”, which proposed the construction of a seaport in Nagaev’s bay “for the development of the region and supply of the gold-rich Seymchan. ”
The decision to build the East Even Culture Cultural Base was enshrined in a resolution of the Olsky District Executive Committee of October 13, 1938 , and in December of that year was approved by the Committee of the North in Moscow. On June 22, 1939 , the first builders went ashore, starting to assemble three residential buildings, a school, a veterinary station, a hospital, a bathhouse, a boarding school and other buildings, some of which survived until the 1980s. The grand opening of the East Even Culture Cultural Base took place on November 7, 1939. At first, the cultural base also had to perform the functions of the police, border post, forest supervision and village council, since there were no government bodies in Nagaev Bay yet, in 1939 there were 75 people living there.
The first head of the East Even Cultural Base was appointed I. A. Yakhontov.
To a greater extent, the cult base served the new population of the village under construction than the local residents. The local population was very wary of the prospects of raising their children in school. There were also frank statements against the new order. So, in 1937, two Dolgan and two Delanian Even clans categorically stated that “they do not need a district executive committee, or cooperatives, nor field posts, or schools” and threatened with armed resistance to the new government. In the first academic year 1939/1940, only 17 students of different ages were able to collect at the school of the cultural base. And although next year the number of students grew to 44, in the end the work of the cultural base was found to be ineffective, and in 1941 it was closed.
Simultaneously with the cult base on the shore of the Nagayev Bay in 1939, the first wooden buildings of the Sovtorgflot and the Kamchatka Joint Stock Company were erected. In 1940 , the state joint-stock company Soyuzzoloto organized a port point for constant entry into the bay of ships, and with the opening of navigation steamboats with people and cargo began to arrive here. Then, next to the cultural base, offices and tents of Dobrolet , the Ola cooperative, the Second Kolyma exploration expedition of V. A. Tsaregradsky , and the sea checkpoint of the OGPU were located. Soyuzzoloto also transferred its transshipment base from Ola to Nagaevo Bay.
The future city of Magadan at first consisted of two villages: Nagaevo and Magadan.
The village of Nagaevo in 1940-1942. it was a very variegated and colorful picture: mountains of cargo on the shore, in addition to the first wooden buildings - a lot of dugouts and chintz tents, located in the middle of the taiga, hundreds of prospectors, servants and workers, as well as a large contingent of “adventurers”. In 1941, a large group of demobilized Far Eastern Red Army soldiers also arrived here.
In the summer of 1940 in the valley of the river. The Magadanks built the equestrian base of Soyuzzolot, to which they cut a clearing from Nagaev’s bay. On the banks of the river. Magadanks appeared wooden and adobe houses, dugouts and tents of the first settlers who founded the village of Magadan.
At the end of 1940, the Okhotsk-Evensky district was formed as part of the Far Eastern Territory, the center of which was the East Evensk cultural base, and in the spring of 1941 the Olsko-Seymchansky district executive committee transferred the district center from the village Ola in the village Nagaevo.
Sources
- The official publication. Magadan: city plan. Atlas of the city of Magadan from the series “Cities of the Far Eastern Federal District” // FSUE Novosibirsk Cartographic Factory, 2008. Introductory article by I. A. Abramov