Maria the Prophetess (also: Maria Evreika , Maria Grechanka , Maria Coptic ) is the first female alchemist who supposedly lived in the 1st [1st] or 3rd [2nd] century. n e .; possible founder of the Alexandrian alchemical school, inventor of a number of chemical apparatuses and processes used to this day.
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Content
Origin
Most historians consider Mary Jewish [3] [4] [5] . The alchemist Olympiodor (IV century A.D.) cites the famous passage, because of which Mary began to be called Jewish. Speaking about the "sanctity" of her book (the treatise "On Stoves and Appliances", preserved in the retelling of Zosim Panopolit ), Maria warns: "Do not touch it (if you are not from the Abraham family), when you really are not from our family." The meaning of this phrase is not entirely clear, since the passage in brackets seems to some to be a gloss inserted in the text by a later copyist.
Some mistakenly identified Mary the Prophet with Miriam the prophet (sister of Moses ) or with Mary Magdalene .
Swiss researcher Kurt Zeligmann believes that Maria’s nickname “Jewess” is incorrect, believing that she should rather be called “Maria Greek”.
Mary is mentioned by Zosim Panopolit in the 4th century. in the earliest extant alchemical treatise. [6] , as well as the Alexandrian alchemist Ostanes . [7]
Discoveries
Maria Profetissa was the inventor of Benmarie - a special design water bath used in alchemy and chemistry. [8] The bathhouse allowed the substances to be heated very slowly, and today it is used in cooking for heating sauces. [9] She was also the creator of kerokatis - a closed vessel in which the thinnest plates of various metals were exposed to steam, and tribicos - an apparatus that resembles distillation . With the help of these devices, having knowledge of the different boiling points of various liquids, Maria Profetissa learned to separate liquid mixtures into separate substances. These were the first steps towards the production of strong alcohol and essences. [ten]
Philosophical Views
She is credited with saying: "One becomes two, and two becomes three, and [thanks to] the third one becomes the fourth." ( Axiom of Mary ) C. Jung interpreted this idea as a path to individualization. [eleven]
See also
- Alchemy
Notes
- ↑ Maria the Jewess // World of Chemistry . - Thomson Gale, 2006.
- ↑ Chemical History Tour, Picturing Chemistry from Alchemy to Modern Molecular Science Adele Droblas Greenberg Wiley-Interscience 2000 ISBN 0-471-35408-2
- ↑ Jewish Mary (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Alchemy
- ↑ Jews in the history of alchemy (Inaccessible link) . Date of treatment July 25, 2011. Archived on January 9, 2017.
- ↑ José María de Jaime Lorén. 2003. Epónimos científicos. Baño María. María La Judía. Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU. (Moncada, Valencia). (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 23, 2009. Archived March 23, 2009.
- ↑ Berthelot, "La Chimie au Moyen-Âge," iii. 125
- ↑ EJ Holmyard, Alchemy , 1957 (New York: Dover, 1990), pp. 48f
- ↑ I. Lazerson, S. Sinelnikov, T. Solomonik. At the table with Niro Wolfe or the secrets of the kitchen of the great detective [1]
- ↑ Olga Lepekha. Edible paper and spaghetti from the brain, or Why in the kitchen alchemy? [2]
- ↑ Jung K. G. Psychology and Alchemy.
Links
- Mary the Prophetess : The Dialogue of Mary and Aros on the Magistery of Hermes
- Haeffner, Mark. The Dictionary of Alchemy: From Maria Prophetissa to Isaac Newton. The Aquarian Press, London, 1991. ISBN 1-85538-085-4