Struve, Henry Egorovich

In 1862, Struve defended a Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Jena at Zur Entstehung d. Seele ”and in 1863 was appointed associate professor at the Warsaw Main School , and then at the University of Warsaw , since 1871 - professor. He taught until 1903 , after which he retired and left for England. He lectured on the encyclopedia of philosophical sciences, logic, psychology, ethics, aesthetics and the history of philosophy. Struve received a doctorate in philosophy from Moscow University in defending his dissertation “The Independent Beginning of Mental Phenomena” (Moscow, 1870). Struve's book provoked lively controversy in literature. Against her were N.P. Aksakov with the pamphlet “Undercover materialism, regarding the dissertation of Mr. Struve” (Moscow, 1870) and S. A. Usov in the work “Regarding the dissertation of Mr. Struve” (Moscow, 1870). In defense of Struve, P. D. Yurkevich made a statement (“Game of the latent forces”, “Russian Herald”, 1870, No. 3). N. N. Strakhov also took part in the debate, who wrote a critical review of Struve's book “Introduction to Philosophy” (in the “Journal of the Ministry of Public Education”).

In his philosophical writings, Struve tries to build an integral philosophical system of ideal realism , adhering mainly to the teachings of Fichte the Younger and Ulrici, partly Lotze, Fechner and others. Spirit (philosophy) and matter he considers not two really different substances , but two separate an abstraction of the concepts of the two sides of a truly undivided whole; from this point of view, Struve calls God the soul of the world, the world - the body of God. Just as there is no contradiction between the concepts of spirit and matter of God and the world, there is no conflict between the concepts of freedom and necessity : necessity is an expression of indispensability and order, which in turn are the results of the free will of the Supreme Being. There are no contradictions in the world; everything constitutes an eternal, undisturbed harmony ; only one person is at odds with the world around him, but this is a transitory phenomenon, the result of the mental and moral immaturity of mankind, a small fragment of his immeasurable historical movement. In general, ideal realism, also called Struve “synthetic philosophy”, seeks to reconcile the contradictions between spirit and matter, freedom and necessity, art and science, the church and the state, etc. Struve method - psychological analysis. By the definition of Struve, philosophy studies the general in particular, and special sciences, the basis of which is mathematics - the particular in general; the subject of the latter is the knowledge of phenomena, the subject of philosophy is the explanation of phenomena. The significance of Struve is that he was one of the first to rebel against materialistic tendencies in the philosophy of the 1860s. (See works on Struve in Polish by V. Lutoslavsky (Warsaw, 1896) and K. Kashevsky (Warsaw, 1898)).

• Honorary Member of the Jagiellonian University (1900)
• Academician of the Academy of Skills (Krakow, 1897)
• member of the Moscow Psychological Society (since 1893 honorary member).

Works in Russian:

• “Distinctive features of philosophy and their significance in comparison with other sciences” (Warsaw, 1872);
• The latest work of philosophical pessimism in Germany // Russian Bulletin. 1873. No. 1 (January). S. 5-83.
• “Elementary logic, a guide for teaching and self-learning” (ib., 1894; 10th ed., St. Petersburg, 1900);
• “Introduction to philosophy. Analysis of the basic principles of philosophy in general ” (“ Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences ”, part I, Warsaw, 1890);
• "Abilities and the development of a philosophizing mind" (Moscow, 1897)
• “The modern anarchy of the spirit and its philosopher Fr. Nietzsche ” (Kharkov, 1900).
• “Matter, spirit and energy as the beginning of objective being” (Kharkov, 1901).

In Polish:

• "Wywod pojecia filozofii" (Warsaw, 1863);
• “About psychologicznej zasadrie teoryi poznania” (Warsaw, 1864);
• "About temperamentach" (ib., 1864);
• "O istnieniu duszy i jej udziale w chorobach umyslowych" (ib., 1867);
• “O pieknie i jego objawach” (Warsaw, 1865);
• "Wyklad systematyczny logiki. TI Czesc wstepna "(ib., 1871);
• “Synteza dwoch swiatow” (Warsaw, 1876, exposition of the philosophical system conducted by Struve);
• “Cechy charakterystyczne filozofii i jej znaczenie w porownaniu z innymi naukami” (Warsaw, 1875);
• "O niesmiertelnosci duszy" (ib., 1884);
• "Estetyka barw" (ib., 1886) and many others.
• Since 1885, under the editorship of Struve, translations of classical philosophical works into Polish have been published.

In German:

• “Hamlet. Eine Charakterstudie "(Weimar, 1876);
• "Zur Psychologie der Sittichkeit" (Berlin, 1882);
• "Die polonische Litteratur zur Geschichte der Philosophie" (Berlin, 1892) and many others.

• Struve, Genrikh Yegorovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.