Makhan is a tribal union in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula in the territory where the Chuncheondo province later emerged, which existed from the 1st century BC. e. to the III century A.D. e. Having emerged from parts of the Chin state under the pressure of migration flows from the defeated Kochoson , Makhan is referred by South Korean historians to Samkhan ("Three Khan"), along with Pyeong Khan and Chinhan . Baekche emerged as a small city-state within the Mahan, but then gained strength, subjugated neighboring tribes and became one of the Three Korean states .
| Tribal union | |
| Mahan | |
|---|---|
| 馬 韓 | |
 | |
 →??? - 234 | |
| Religion | shamanism |
| Area | 20,000 km² |
 History of Korea |
|---|
Prehistoric korea |
Chronology |
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Farm. Culture
- 2.1 Descendants of immigrants from Qin
- 3 List of Mahan tribes
- 4 See also
- 5 References
History
Many bronze objects and tools made by Mahan, found by archaeologists, indicate that Mahan was the oldest of the three unions of Samkhan.
In the year 44 A.D. e. a native of Mahan Sumashi arrived in Llan with a tribute. The emperor appointed him the ruler of the city of Lyansa (廉 斯) from which he came, respectively, the city of Lyansy was annexed to Lelansky prefecture, and Sumashi was obliged to appear at the emperor’s court 4 times a year.
In the 1st and 2nd centuries AD e. with the transition to iron culture, the center of Mahan moved from Mokchi to Baekje . Over time, Baekje conquered and absorbed all the other Mahan tribes and grew into one of the Three Early Feudal States of Korea , along with Silla and Goguryo .
The economy. Culture
Residents engaged in agriculture, weaving and sericulture. Collected chestnuts . Long-tailed chickens were bred ( en: Jangmigye ).
The villages did not have a layout or neighborhoods, nor were there city walls. The dwellings were like dugouts. There were no Chinese meeting rituals. Gold, silver, silk and woolen fabrics were not considered values, pearls were valued, which are abundantly used to decorate the costume and themselves. Usually they walked with their heads uncovered, tied their hair on the crown of the head. Canvas robes, sandals made of straw. There was no horse riding.
The initiation ritual is described: they pierced the skin on the back and passed through it a leather rope, to which a wooden block was tied, the audience urged him with paints to lift the block on the skin of his back. Did tattoos .
In the fifth lunar month (approximately May ) they made a sacrifice to the spirits for the safe start of field work, drank wine, sang, danced. In October, the same holiday was held in connection with the completion of work. In each village there was a priest (天君), who led the sacrifices. For spirits, tambourines were also hung on a tree.
There were also holy places: “sutu” (蘇 塗) - places in which refuge was provided to those who were hiding if he could get there.
Descendants of Qin
The Chinese learned from the Makhan old people that they had long been receiving refugees from Qin , from which the Makhans adopted some words. The descendants of immigrants from Qin call themselves Bianchen (辰 辰), which had separate villages with a picket fence, lived in a more organized way. They kept some semblance of officials, from the oldest to the youngest: Chenzhi (臣,), Jianze (儉 側), Fanzhi (樊 ш), Shanxi (殺 奚), Yijie (邑 借). Silkworms were bred. Had rituals similar to Chinese. Smelted iron .
List of Mahan tribes
According to Sang-go Zhi , Mahan consisted of 54 tribes, each with a population of up to 10 thousand families:
- Arim (아림 국, 兒 林 國)
- Wonji (원 지국, 爰 池 國)
- Vonyan (원 양국, 爰 襄 國)
- Illan (일 난국, 一 難 國)
- Illy (일리 국, 一 離 國)
- Ilkhva (일화 국, 日 華 國)
- Imsoban (임 소반 국, 臨 素 半 國)
- Yomno (염로 국, 冉 路 國)
- Yorebiri (여래 비리 국, 如 來 卑 離 國)
- Kamhe (감 해국, 感 奚 國)
- Kamkhebiri (감해 비리 국, 監 奚 卑 離 國)
- Kobiri (고 비리 국, 古 卑 離 國)
- Cowon (고원 국, 古 爰 國)
- Konma (건 마국, 乾 馬 國)
- Korap (고 랍국, 古 臘 國)
- Corey (고리국, 古 離 國)
- Kothanja (고탄 자국, 古 誕 者 國)
- Kopkho (고포 국, 古 蒲 國)
- Kuro (구로 국, 狗 盧 國)
- Kusaodan (구사 오 단국, 臼 斯烏 旦 國)
- Kuso (구 소국, 狗 素 國)
- Kuhe (구해 국, 狗 奚 國)
- Mokchi (목지국, 目 支 國)
- Manno (Macro) (막로 국, 莫盧 國)
- Manno (Munroe) (만 로 국, 萬 盧 國)
- Morobiri (모로 비리 국, 牟 盧 卑 離 國)
- Mosu (모 수국, 牟 水 國)
- Noram (노 람국, 怒 藍 國)
- Nabiri (내 비리 국, 內 卑 離 國)
- Pekpiri (벽 비리 국, 辟 卑 離 國)
- Pimi (비 미국, 卑 彌 國)
- Piri (비리 국, 卑 離 國)
- Pulsabunza (불사 분사 국, 不 斯 濆 邪 國)
- Pulmi (불 미국, 不 彌 國)
- Purun (불운 국, 不 雲 國)
- Baekche (백제국, 伯濟國)
- Sanve (상 외국, 桑 外國)
- Saro (사로 국, 駟 盧 國) Not to be confused with Saro in Chinhan - they have a different hanch record)
- Sinbunhwal (신분 활국, 臣 濆 活 國)
- Shinsodo (신소 도 국, 臣 蘇 塗 國)
- Sinunxing (신운 신국, 臣 雲 新 國)
- Xingheung (신 흔국, 臣 國)
- Sauvigon (소위 건국, 素 謂 乾 國)
- Sonnobuls (속로 불사 국, 速 盧 不 斯 國)
- Sosoxac (소석 삭국, 小石 索 國)
- Tesoksak (대석 삭국, 大石 索 國)
- Uhyumothak (우 휴모 탁국, 優 休 牟 涿 國)
- Charimoro (자리 모로 국, 咨 離 牟 盧 國)
- Chiban (지반 국, 支 半 國)
- Chichim (지침 국, 支 侵 國)
- Chiriguk (치리 국국, 致 利 鞠 國)
- Chhomno (첩로 국, 捷 盧 國)
- Chori (초리 국, 楚 離 國)
- Chosandobiri (초산 도 비리 국, 楚 山 塗 卑 離 國)
See also
- N. Ya. Bichurin (Fr. Iakinf) “Collection of information” / Part II / Branch III / VII. Han
- History of Korea