Burnashev, Stepan Danilovich

Stepan Danilovich Burnashev was born on October 8, 1743, came from an ancient noble family of the Kursk province .

After receiving his home education, Burnashev entered the engineering corps for sixteen years, after which he took part in the construction of the Oranienbaum fortress, then commanded the engineering department in the Chernihiv fortress and managed the commission on water communications, educating students in hydraulics and mechanics ^[5] .

When the 1st Russian-Turkish war began , Burnashev, of his own free will, transferred to the army and in 1770 received the rank of second major . Commanding the vanguard of the corps of Prince Shcherbatov , he and 2000 rangers and light cavalry, for the non-arrival of military boats, sailed across the Genic Strait to the Arabat Spit and, fighting for three days with the enemy, drove him to the walls of Arabat , immediately invented a means to make assault stairs from slingshots and took the fortress by storm. Then, with the help of light troops, Burnashev occupied Kerch and Yenikale . This campaign gave him the rank of prime minister and the order of St. George IV class (No. 199 according to the cavalier list of Sudravsky and No. 239 according to the list of Grigorovich - Stepanov). In a special rescript dated November 26, 1774 it was said:

In 1775, Burnashev was promoted to colonel and took command of the old Kursk Infantry Regiment , formerly infected with the plague. Burnashev stopped the infection, having stood in the camp in the winter. At the end of the war, he was in St. Petersburg during the construction of public buildings, and in 1778, commanding the Shirvan regiment , he was on a campaign on the Crimean peninsula ^[5] .

In 1783, Burnashev was appointed authorized (commissioner) under Tsar Kartalinsky and Kakheti Irakli II and Imereti Solomon I , in which position he remained until 1787, when, on the eve of the 2nd Russian-Turkish war , much to the chagrin of Tsar Irakli and his subjects , was recalled to Russia along with the Russian auxiliary army under his command, who was in Georgia on the basis of the 2nd separate article of the Georgian Treaty of 1783 ^[5] .

Burnashev’s diplomatic activities in the rapprochement between Georgia and Russia gradually prepared the accession of Georgia to the Russian Empire. The relations between Burnashev and the Georgian court were the closest, but they did not prevent him, as a representative of the Russian state, from persevering in his demands, for example, he insisted that Irakli stop all the misunderstandings that existed between him and Tsar Solomon and acted unanimously. Upon the death of Solomon, Burnashev managed to restore calm in Imereti and persuade Heraclius to recognize the legitimacy of the election of David Georgievich to the Imereti throne, although the Georgian tsar nominated his grandson David Archilovich ^[5] .

The second Turkish war once again put forward Burnashev as a skilled military leader. He went to war, commanding the Ryazan Carabiner Regiment and in 1789 received the rank of brigadier.

Burnashev was especially distinguished at Fokshany and Rymnik . In the last battle, he commanded the third line of battle formation, that is, the cavalry of the Suvorov detachment. As soon as the first line, attacking the Turkish position, crossed the deep ravine blocking the path to it and, as a result, lost some harmony, 7 thousand Turkish spag cavalry quickly ran into it. Burnashev rushed to her aid with six squadrons and withstood the first strongest onslaught of the Turks. Attacked from the front, rear and flanks, he was forced to start a retreat; when the Turks, chasing him, stumbled upon one of our squares , Burnashev turned back and cut into rows of spag. This attack stopped the onslaught of the Turks, when Soitari Pasha began to retreat from the position, Burnashev was sent to pursue the enemy. He quickly rushed forward, drove and chopped and, having done away with one part of the Turkish army, who was running after Targokuli, turned to the other, who was running to the Kayag forest, having recaptured most of the carts. By his actions on this day, Burnashev, according to a contemporary historian, “led the whole Caesar’s cavalry to surprise” ^[5] .

For the difference in these matters, Burnashev was granted the rank of major general and was awarded the Order of St. March 30, 1790 . George III class (No. 73 according to the cavalier lists

Then Burnashev took part in operations against Bender , commanding a special detachment of several infantry regiments.

In 1791, Burnashev was appointed ruler of the Kursk governorship , and, upon the abolition of governorship in 1797, the first Kursk civil governor . When affirming sentences of corporal punishment of criminals, he did not miss a chance to reduce (partially by half) these punishments, sometimes completely abolished lashes and sticks, replacing them with other penalties, despite the fact that he was strict and exacting in matters of service ^[5] .

In December 1798, Burnashev was appointed to attend the Governing Senate . In 1800, he, along with 12 senators, was dismissed from service; upon accession to the throne of Alexander I, Burnashev was again ordered to attend the Senate ^[6] . In October of the same year, he retired and received, in consideration of his diligent service, a pension in the amount of the content received by him ^[5] .

Secluded in his estate, the village of Spassky, Fatezhsky district, Kursk province , he lived in retirement for more than twenty years. He devoted his leisure time to the presentation of thoughts and opinions on some subjects of the political system and administration. These works remained unpublished ^[5] . While in the Caucasus , he drew attention to the geographic, statistical, and political state of the region, and the result of his observations were the works that he published. Burnashev’s cartographic works on the Caucasus are very valuable and are the only detailed and thorough in execution for the 18th century.

He died on March 31, 1824 in Kursk ^[7] and was buried in the All Saints (Kherson) cemetery ^{[2] [3]} . The grave has not been preserved ^[2] .

Family

His wife is a relative of the writer and hero of the initial stage of the Caucasian War, Major A. S. Pishchevich .

Children - three sons, seven daughters ^[8]

• Peter - Oryol vice-governor,
• Timofei is an agricultural worker, a breeder and breeder.

• A picture of Georgia or A description of the political condition of the kingdoms of Kartalinskago and Kakheti / Made by Colonel Temrazovic, king of Kartala and Kakheti, who was at his highness, Colonel and cavalier Burnashev in Tiflis in 1786. - Kursk: type. Kurskago order of public charity, 1793. - 38 p.
  • - Tiflis: K.N. Begichev, 1896 .-- 4 + 4 + 24 s.
• Description of the Adrebizhansky regions in Persia and their political condition / Made by Colonel Temaruzychich Tsar of Kartaly and Kakheti, staying with his highness, Colonel and cavalier Burnashev in Tiflis in 1786. - Kursk: Type. Kurskago order of public charity, 1793. - 27 + 1 s.
• Description of mountain peoples. - Kursk: in type. Kursk order of public charity, 1794. - 20 p.

• Order of St. George 4th degree (1774)
• Order of St. George 3rd degree (1790)
• Order of St. Vladimir 2nd degree ^[8]
• Order of St. Anne 1st Class (1798) ^[8]

The name of S. D. Burnashev (Burnashevka) previously bore the square to them. Dobrolyubova in Kursk ^[2] .

• Burnashev S.N. Burnashev, Stepan Danilovich // Russian Biographical Dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. , 1908. - T. 3: Betancourt - Byakster. - S. 501-503.
• Burnashev S. N. New materials for the biography and activities of S. D. Burnashev, who was in Georgia from 1783 to 1787: with the application of maps, portraits and facsimiles / ed. [and foreword] by A. A. Tsagareli . - SPb. : [State. typ.], 1901. - 4 + 4 + 64 p., [7] p. ill., cards. - (also List of tr. S. D. Burnashev, bibliogr. About S. D. Burnashev; Decree. Subject and personal).
• Burnashev (Stepan Danilovich) // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907. - T. 5. - S. 42.
• Military Encyclopedia / Ed. V.F. Novitsky and others - St. Petersburg. : t. in I.V. Sytin, 1911-1915.
• Volkov S.V. Generality of the Russian Empire: Encyclopedic Dictionary of Generals and Admirals from Peter I to Nicholas II. M., 2009. - T. 2: L — I.
• Petrov A.N. 2nd Turkish War during the reign of Empress Catherine II. - SPb., 1887.
• Stepanov V. B. The First Civil Governor // Governors and Governors of the Kursk Territory. 1779-1917: Historical essays. - Kursk: Kursk city printing house, 2005. - 244 p. - ISBN 5-8386-0058-6 .
• Stepanov V.S., Grigorovich P.I. In memory of the centennial of the imperial Military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George. (1769-1869). - SPb., 1869
• Tankov A. Privy Advisor S. D. Burnashev (on the occasion of the centenary of Georgia’s annexation to Russia) // Kursk Provincial Gazette. - 1901. - No. 204, 205, 209 and 231.