Kokuy ( Kukuy, Kalancha, Kalanchovskaya ) is a quadrangular deaf (impassable) tower in the southwestern part of the Novgorod detinets , which differs from other towers in its peculiar shape and height. The tower is rectangular in plan, the area of its base is 8.5 × 10.4 m. The height of the tower with a dome is 38.5 m, the wall thickness at the level of the first tier is 2 m. A ten-meter tent crowns the tower.
| Kokuy Tower | |
|---|---|
 Kokuy Tower | |
| Location | Velikiy Novgorod |
| Kremlin | Novgorod detinets |
| Year of construction | XVII century |
| Tower base shape | foursome |
| Tower length | 8.5 m |
| Tower width | 10.4 m |
| Tower height | 38.5 m |
| Tower wall thickness | 2 m |
| Other names | Kukuy, Kalancha, Kalanchovskaya |
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History
In the 15th century, there was a peal at the site of the existing tower - a low tower flush with the walls, similar to the one located above the water gate on the coastal side of the Kremlin. In the 17th century, during the construction of the Voevodsky Dvor complex at the end of the 17th century according to the design of S. L. Efimov, the peal tower was thoroughly redone: three rectangular floors were added, and two more floors on the principle of “two eights above four ” were built. The lower two floors with stone arches housed a wine cellar and a breech chamber. On the third floor, exits to the fortress wall were made, and the uppermost room was designed to inspect the entire city. A wooden tent covered with white iron was installed above, and a gilt and silver plated ensemble crowned with the coat of arms of the Novgorod state, crowned with a crown, and a flower above it.
The tower after reconstruction was called Kalancha . The modern name of the tower was introduced by P. L. Gusev in 1913 [1] . According to modern scholars [2], the assumption of the origin of the name from the Dutch or Low German word koke , which means see (cf. Kik-in-de-Kök tower in Tallinn), is historically not justified.
In the XIX century, firefighters of the Sofia part in the lower part of the tower kept pigs and stored cabbage. In 1910 B.K. Roerich measured the tower.
During World War II , the tower was a German observation post. By the time the city was liberated in 1944, the upper part of the tower was heavily damaged by direct bombing. In the 1960s, designed by A.V. Vorobyov Tower, it was restored in the forms of the 17th century.
Now there is an observation deck on the tower, the view from it on the Princess , Spasskaya and Palace towers is depicted on a 5-ruble Russian banknote . In 2012, two telescopes with a 60x magnification were also installed on the observation deck [3] .
Kokuy Tower (outside view of the detinets, 1913)
Kokuy Tower (inside view of the detinets, 2007)
Cultural Heritage
On August 30, 1960, by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 1327 “On Further Improving the Protection of Monuments in the RSFSR”, the ensemble of the Novgorod Kremlin was taken under protection as a monument of national importance.
In 1992, by the decision of the anniversary meeting of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, the architectural ensemble of the Novgorod Kremlin was included in the World Heritage List.
Notes
| Object of cultural heritage, Object No. 5310033006 |
- ↑ Gusev P. The Novgorod kid from the image on the icon of the Mikhailovsky Church. SPb., 1913.
- ↑ Kuzmina N.N. Phillipova L.A. Kokuy (Kukuy) tower \\ Veliky Novgorod. History and culture of the IX — XVII centuries. Encyclopedic Dictionary. SPb.: Nestor-Istoriya, 2007, edited by Ioannina V. L., p. 244
- ↑ Two telescopes were installed in Veliky Novgorod on the Kremlin tower \\ "AiF - North-West" -04.05.2012
Literature
- Kuzmina N.N. Filipova L.A. Kokuy (Kukuy) tower \\ Veliky Novgorod. History and culture of the IX — XVII centuries. Encyclopedic Dictionary. SPb.: Nestor-Istoriya, 2007, edited by Ioannina V. L., p. 244